Brave New World Vs. Today Essay - 717 Words

Close your eyes and imagine a world free of war, suffering and pain; an environment that provides all the necessary luxuries to maintain eternal happiness; one that is stable, friendly, peaceful and enjoyable. In this world, every inconvenience known to man is rid of. We are no longer affected by disease, aging, heartbreak, depression or loneliness; conformity is at hand and stability is achieved. Now envision a world where there is no love, families do not exist, humans are no longer conceived yet created in test tubes, and sexual promiscuity is not only acceptable but enforced. Picture an environment where there is no religion, art or history. The human mind and body is assembled accordingly and we lack the freedom of†¦show more content†¦The novel describes a society in which fetuses are raised in glass jars and are chemically manipulated to produce humans of distinct classes and abilities. People are little more than products (ONeil). This system, know as Bokanov skys Process, doesnt seem too far from todays reality; the reproductive technologies that are currently available are already threatening our own evolution and human procreation. Science has practically taken over Gods role in our lives. Many of the God-less scientific availabilities today share the same immoral and undignified qualities of the Utopias advances; such as bottled embryos, surrogate wombs, cloning, genetic screening and genetic manipulation, artificial organs, and computer chip implants for human brains (Pearce). The Controller, Mustapha Mond, states God isnt compatible with machinery and scientific medicine and universal happiness (Huxley 205). The Brave New World is rid of God and religious beliefs because they have every comfort in the world. God is needed when there is loneliness, fear of death, unhappiness, and youthful desires. However, in Brave New World, such obscenities do not exist. Therefore, in a world free from pain and suffering, what need is there to console in a higher being. Interestingly, 26% of Canadians surveyed through an immorality poll believe that it is immoral to be an atheist;Show MoreRelatedHuxley V. Orwell1015 Words   |  5 PagesBrave New World v. 1984 June 8, 2011 It is no question that both Huxley and Orwell were displeased with our societal norms by their predictions in Brave New World and 1984. However, the two famous novels could not have differed more in their visions of tomorrow. Huxley portrays a nation of pleasure addicted, mindless beings merely existing. Orwell illustrated such a strict regime that the pursuit of knowledge would be banned and our voices would be silenced. Imagine living in a world withoutRead More Brave New World Vs Reality Essay620 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World vs. Reality In many cases when you read a novel you may find comparisons between the quot;fictionalquot; society and your realistic one. The author may consciously or unconsciously create similarities between these two worlds. The novelist can foresee the future and write according to this vision. In Brave New World, Adlous Huxley envisions the future of our society and the dangerous direction it is headed in. Brave New World is greatly dependant upon soma, as in our world whereRead MoreThe Bamboo People By Mitali Perkins1587 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Karenni, one of the many ethnic minorities in Burma, The Bamboo People explores the nature of violence, power, and prejudice. Perkins gives readers a glimpse into what it means to be a hero. Readers will not return from this book without a new sense of the geopolitics of modern day Burma (Myanmar). War and the effects of war have long been themes explored by books. Perkins offers tweens and teens a chance to ponder these global concerns from a developmentally appropriate perspective. PerkinsRead MoreThe Depiction Of Society In Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511335 Words   |  6 PagesThe Depiction of the Future Within the novels Fahrenheit 451, Brave New World, and 1984 the authors depict what they imagine the future will be like. Society today is corrupted by advanced technology, plagued by censorship, and intimate communication has been shattered. Although each novel has something comparable to today’s society, Bradbury’s depiction of society in Fahrenheit 451 is very comparable to America today. The society in the novel Fahrenheit 451 uses censorship to eliminate one’s feelingRead MoreRacial Differences Between African Americans And Europeans1326 Words   |  6 Pagesdone, Belgium historically ignores the impact that the Republic of Congo has had in their development as a powerhouse nation during King Leopold’s reign in the late 19th century. In Mexico, the story of Malinche is one known by almost every Mexican today, however, with little to no writings from her or people around her. Plus with no living ancestry, what we know about her as a â€Å"traitor† to her nation may not be completely true, or if it is true, maybe something she had no choice but to follow throughRead MoreEssay about Book Review: China in 21st Century978 Words   |  4 Pagesto clear up the misconceptions that many Westerners have towards China. Wasserstrom adds insights of each issue revealing the truth providing readers with a basic knowledge of China. Jeffery N. Wasserstrom is one of the writers/ scholars on China today. He is a specialist in Chinese History in a wide range of topics ranging from the globalization affects urban life to popular culture to American views of Asia. He has also published several books on the topics of China (Wasserstrom). The book isRead MoreEugenics : The Human Species Or A Human Population1048 Words   |  5 Pagesthe government. (Lambardo) It was seen by the advocates for eugenics that people who were sterilized wouldn’t create offspring that would be a burden to the government. The largest conflict in early American eugenics was a supreme course known as Buck vs. Bell. Carrie Buck was a seventeen-year-old girl whose mother was incarcerated in a insane asylum. She had a child but was unmarried. According to the officials at her mother’s institution, â€Å"Carrie and her mother shared the hereditary traits of feeblemindednessRead MoreEssay on Racism In The NFL1596 Words   |  7 PagesToday in America the word Racism is taken to a whole new level. Even in sports, such as the NFL racism prospers. For instance the Washington Redskins of the National Football League. Native Americans are trying to say the NFL is being rude for naming a Team Redskins. The Redskins have had that name since 1933 (Staff). The team had the name of Braves before they adopted the name Redskins. It was changed due to racism purposes. Some people would agree that the whole situation with Redskins is ridiculousRead MoreEssay on Beals’ Reflection and Analysis1151 Words    |  5 PagesBeals’ Reflection and Analysis In the book Warriors Don’t Cry, Melba Beals was a heroine and a national symbol of hope for change. Beals and eight other students were brave enough to attend Little Rock Central High School, the highly segregated school in Arkansas in 1957. Despite the many objections from the segregationists and the Governor Faubus, the nine students were able to complete the school year. During the school year of 1957 – 1958, Melba and eight other African-American students receivedRead MoreMovie Food, Inc.1678 Words   |  7 Pagesbelow). The unfortunate part of Food Inc., is that its historical viewpoint of how we got our food vs. Food Inc.’s version of the â€Å"modern† way we get our food ─ is lacking on both ends. As far as historical (in Food Inc.’s viewpoint – better) food production ─ the slaughter of cattle, pigs, chickens, lambs, etc. in â€Å"historical times† was far more drastic, dangerous, and unsanitary than what it is today. In those days, the animals where either shot, or had their necks hacked/cut by individuals working

Labor The Past, Present, and Future Essay - 1345 Words

The Pew Research Center, conducted a poll regarding Labor Economics among Americans in July of 2012. â€Å"The general public survey is based on telephone interviews conducted July 16-26, 2012, with a nationally representative sample of 2,508 adults ages 18 and older.†2 Through this survey, major issues such as unemployment, inequality, gender/ethnic/racial discrimination, immigration, and union participation are assessed. Within the past ten years the global workforce has suffered hardship, especially in the United States, being struck by high rates of unemployment and underemployment as well as a dissolving traditional socio-economic structure. While the upper class has been relatively â€Å"immune† from the economic recession, the middle and†¦show more content†¦He says that he was able to work hard and get ahead, to higher his socio-economic status, so everyone should be able to work hard to do the same. Unlike the majority of the individuals polled, he does not believe that there has been any change in the income gap between the rich and poor. He believes that more people should move into a higher bracket and lessen the gap, but states that they do not work hard enough to do so. He also mentions that everyone has the same opportunity in this country and it has always been if you worked hard you moved up. However, he also makes a point to mention that he is unhappy with how the Unit ed States Government has been controlling the economy and believes the government is making it so people become stagnant and do not have to work hard to survive. Warren’s highest level of education is some college, with no degree, and he states that he began his first full time job at the age of eighteen as a mechanical dentist, making false teeth in a dental lab. He was never unemployed, however, moving forward he left his job at the dental lab to work for Prudential Insurance Company. He found his main occupation through a childhood friend who was in the business. As an Insurance agent,Show MoreRelatedLabor Unions : Past, Present And Future State1923 Words   |  8 PagesLabor Unions: Past, Present and Future State. Labor Unions were and still are an essential element in today’s businesses. In earlier years, labor unions aided employees by serving as the main voice to their employer. Today, the struggle continues as labor unions help workers by ensuring their voices are heard, their rights are upheld, their pay and benefits are fair and by eliminating injustices. In order to understand what lies ahead for the future state of labor unions, it is important to recognizeRead More The Past, Present and Future of Labor Unions Essay2293 Words   |  10 PagesABSTRACT: Labor Unions have become an important factor in our industries. For many years, labor unions have served as the main voice of the workers to their employers. The continuous effort of labor unions in helping the laborers ensure their rights in their jobs, acquire all the benefits they need and to eliminate the injustice experienced by workers in their workplace is still an ongoing process. In order to understand labor unions in general, knowing the roots of it is the best way to startRead MoreSun Hydraulics Essay1623 Words   |  7 PagesTough Times Case Study Executive Summary Sun Hydraulics, an industry leader of hydraulic valves and manifolds, has seen steady growth over the past eight years. It has been a profitable company throughout the years with varying return on sales. Presently Sun is constrained by declining sales and high labor costs heading into the present recession. The horizontal corporate structure has proven ineffective in ridding itself of low performing employees that are weighing down the company andRead More labor unions Essay554 Words   |  3 Pages Labor Unions have had an effect of American history as well as world-wide history from the time they became popular. Following WWII Americans were predominantly pro-labor, however, as time went on union’s credibility fell short of perfect. Union strikes proved to be bothersome to both the general public and company. Unions were also suppressing to employees through fraud and lack of worker rights (in earlier years, before Acts were passed). Although Union labor had its shortcomings, this typeRead MoreOsha Past Present Future Essay1479 Words   |  6 PagesOSHA Past, Present and Future PAST The Occupational Safety and Health Administration or OSHA is a part of the US Department of Labor, and was started in 1970 as part of the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Its mission is to prevent work-related injuries, illnesses, and deaths by issuing and enforcing rules (called standards) for workplace safety and health. Since its inception it has helped to cut the incidents of workplace fatalities by sixty percent, and occupational injuryRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities to forecast how management strategy changes will impact human resource needs in the future. On the contrary, human resource development activities help an organization to ensure its workforce has necessary competencies or skills to meet the current and future job demands. In essence, human resource planning and development focuses on labor supply and demand in an organization. McDonalds’ Labor Demand and Supply: McDonalds Corporation is the leading fast food restaurant chain across theRead MoreWhat The Future Holds For Us1224 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 101 September 26, 2015 What the Future Holds for Us Throughout the first module, the main topic was Energy Sources in the past, present and the future. When talking about how energy was and is being used, it makes the people of our country think what it will hold in the many years to come and if lights will even exist anymore. The more we think about it, the scarier it gets. There are many different types of energy that have evolved from the past into present time that have just been better improvedRead MoreA Brief Look at Terrence Vincent Powderly1461 Words   |  6 Pagessecretive organization named the Knights of Labor. He quickly progressed into a leadership role as Corresponding Secretary. In February of 1878 Powderly was elected for his first of three terms as Mayor of Scranton. A few months later, in 1879, he was elected the union’s highest leadership position, Grand Master Workman, until 1883 when he was titled General Master Workman of the Knights of Labor. During his time as serving on leadership with the Knight s of Labor, Powderly helped to increase the organization’sRead MoreAs I have shown, throughout his essays, Gordon establishes a narrative of the past in the Diaspora1200 Words   |  5 PagesAs I have shown, throughout his essays, Gordon establishes a narrative of the past in the Diaspora which is distinctly negative, drawing on images of the Jewish people as passive and parasitic, alienated from nature and labor and accordingly without a living culture. Through his ideology, Gordon establishes an idea of the perfect relationship between people, nature and labor; a relationship that must be withheld in order for a people to be a living, creative culture. Gordon asserts that the JewishRead MoreAnalyzing Kessler-Harris and Scotts Views on Gender Issues1360 Words   |  5 PagesThe issues surrounding the notion of gender have even resorted to how the word is used implicitly and explicitly and the greater implications both past and present. Following is an examination of the wr itings of Kessler Harris and Scott with regard to the manner in which historians have viewed gender and how that view has shaped past, present and future ideas on the subject. Comparison Joan W. Scott in her article, Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis offers the reader increased insight

Animal Farm/ Pov free essay sample

English Essay 3. Of all of the characters in Animal Farm, are there any who seem to represent the point of view of the author? Which of the animals or people do you think come(s) closest to achieving Orwells perspective on Animal Farm? George Orwell brings to life many characters in the novel Animal Farm. He introduces very interesting characters like Boxer, Benjamin, and Napoleon.All of which are very interesting, however, none of them fully represent Orwell’s point of view. In Animal Farm, Orwell shows the reader the revolution as a glorious thing in the beginning then he turns Napoleon into a dictator, which causes the revolution to take a turn for the worse and in the end it is considered to have failed completely.It is believed that Snowball is the closest character in the story to the narrator’s opinion by many people including Malcolm Bradbury and many publishers of Orwell’s time; old Major’s speech is also very influential in the portrayal of how the author thinks ; one of the very important things in the novel is the way the names and descriptions of the characters portrayed which characters George Orwell was more inclined towards; it has also been noticed that the author portrayed the events in a way that would show Snowball as the only person who was right in his thoughts and his actions. Animal Farm is considered an allegory to the Russian revolution. Although this is not the only moral of the story it is one of the most perceived and understood morals. The claim that Animal Farm is an allegory is supported by the fact that most of the events that happened in the story are very similar to what happened in real life. For example, the sudden attack on Snowball is a representation of the attack on Trotsky, also the final meeting in Animal Farm between the humans and the pigs is also very similar to the meeting between Stalin and Churchill and Roosevelt.Since it is an allegory most characters either represent a real person or a real organization. For example, Old Major represented Karl Marx since his teachings were implemented after he died and they caused a revolution. This is very important to understand since George Orwell’s feelings towards the actual events are reflected in the story. Because this is viewed as a very political novel it represented a challenge to Orwell to publish the book. However, the fact that it was a political novel was not the exact reason for the book being rejected so many times but n fact the issue that the publisher’s had with book was the fact â€Å"that it came from someone of Troskyite Sympathies†(vi), which is the person that Snowball represented. Old Major’s speech was a very important part of the story. It represents the beginning, not only the beginning of the story but also the beginning of the revolutionary era. In the old Major speech the author paints a happy, perky image at the end by saying â€Å"And then, after a few preliminary tries the whole farm burst into ‘Beasts of England’ in tremendous unison. The cows lowed it, the dogs whinnied it, the sheep bleated it, the horses whinnied it, the ducks quacked it†(8).By using phrases like â€Å"the whole farm burst† and â€Å"tremendous unison† the author creates this imagery of joy and happiness. He also gives a feeling of unity by mentioning many different types of animals together and he balances all the phrases with the same amount of words in each phrase giving a sense of harmony in this time of delight. At this point of the story it is easy to argue that any animal represents the author’s opinion, however, it is a much more convincing argument that the author is in agreement with old Major, Napoleon, Squealer and Snowball. The reason for which is that the Author is in clear belief and conviction of old Major’s teachings and so do the other three pigs, Napoleon, Squealer and Snowball. This is expressed in the text when Orwell writes, â€Å"These three had elaborated old Major’s teachings into a complete system of thought to which they gave the name of Animalism†(9-10). One very important aspect of the story is the name of each character. Every name is clearly well thought out and very precisely chosen.This is obvious in some cases like with Napoleon as he was described in the story as someone who is â€Å"not much of a talker but with a reputation of getting his own way†(9), this is very similar to the actual Napoleon who actually took his crown away from the pope at his coronation to show his power and get his way. Squealer description in the novel said, â€Å"He was a brilliant talker†(9). That was practically his job throughout the whole novel he was as his name sug gests a squealer also known as a person who â€Å"give short cry†(the Mac dictionary). Then there was Snowball, he was described as â€Å"a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character†(9). His name and his description suggest that he is a cheerful pig and that he was more spirited and fun than other pigs. Another interesting thing is that when a person throws a snowball to a wall it crumbles and the same goes for Snowball when he’s confronted with true power he crumbles. This shows that the author’s view is more inclined towards Snowball since the author described him in a more positive way than other animals.He also pointed out quite clearly how Snowball is better than Napoleon with three positive qualities that Napoleon didn’t have while he only mentioned one quality that Napoleon had over Snowball and he did it in a subtle way, as if he was trying not to point out the bad qualities in Snowball. The last and most influential point is the way the events i n the story are presented. Orwell shows Manor Farm as a place that is mistreated in the first line of the story. He then portrays the revolution as something glorious that has brought happiness to all the animals which is something that most points of view agree on.The animals were doing well in the harvest and were moving along. They were also able to defeat the humans in the â€Å"Battle of the Cowshed†. Later on when Napoleon and Snowball were opposing each other in all of these meetings, Orwell described Snowball as being the productive one of the two when he said, â€Å"Snowball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmer and Stockbreeder which he had found in the farmhouse, and was full of plans for innovations and improvements†(32).At the same time Orwell made sure that Napoleon was viewed in an unproductive and negative way when he said, â€Å"Napoleon produced no schemes of his own, but said quietly that Snowball’s would come to nothing, and seemed to be biding his time†(32). He also presented Napoleon in a crude manner when after Snowball men tions his plans for the windmill to everyone, by explaining that Napoleon one day went to examine the plans for the windmill, â€Å"then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over all of the plans and walked out without uttering a word†(33).The last event to comment on that supported the fact that Snowball has the closest opinion to the author is all that happened after Snowball was kicked out of Animal Farm. The best way to describe the corruption that happened in that time is to talk about the final meeting that the pigs had with the humans at the end of the story. When Mr. Pilkington commented on how â€Å"the lower animals in Animal Farm did more work and received less food than any animals in the country,†(92) illustrating on how Napoleon’s dictatorship was more deceiving than the normal dictatorships in the rest of the country and that it was the strictest.Even though Squealer had always assured the animals with exact numbers that the animals were currently in a much better state than they were in before the revolution. This illustrates that the author was always in favor of Snowball since without Snowball Animal Farm just turned back into a much worse and much more cruel Manor Farm. One would conclude that snowball is the closest character in thought towards George Orwell because of four things.One, because it is common knowledge that Orwell was in support of Trotsky who was represented by Snowball in the story, two, old Major’s speech was shown in a very glorious and adoring way which was Snowball’s belief on old Major’s teachings, three, the names and descriptions of the characters reveals the way that Orwell felt towards them, and four, the series of events in the story were presented in a way that was in favor of Snowball. It is one’s belief that if it were George’s choice he would have given Snowball the power instead of Napoleon and then Snowball may have not abused his power the same way that Napoleon did.

Business Responsibility and Sustainability Financial Opportunities

Question: Discuss about the Business Responsibility and Sustainabilityfor Financial Opportunities. Answer: Introduction Sustainability is defined as the management of the triple bottom line activities. It is the process of managing the social, environmental and financial opportunities, obligations and risks by the companies. The three impacts of the companies include people, profits and planet. Sustainability of the business requires the company while adhering to the various principles of sustainable development. The company chosen for describing the nine principles of sustainability is Emirates. The nine principles of the sustainability that will be described for the selected company are ethics, governance, transparency, business relationships, financial return, economic community development, value of services products, employment practices and protection of environment. Nine Principles of Sustainability Sustainability approaches of the company are focused on triple bottom line as it is discussed earlier. They are environmental, social and economic aspects. The organizational processes can be both formal and informal that can be categorized into nine principles of sustainability. The nine principles of sustainability are described on the perspective of Emirates as a global renowned airline service provider. The impact of the products and service provide by Emirates on the aspect of sustainability affect the managing capabilities of the company to the external and internal stakeholders associated in it. Ethics: Emirates is proven to maintain a good relation with the external and internal stakeholders of the company while establishing promoting, monitoring and maintaining the ethical practices and standards in doing all the sustainable practices for environment protection. The ethics is also maintained in formulating strategies of business. The company is strict in maintaining ethics in its process of business operations along with strategies of corporate social responsibility, sustainability, etc. in its different branches (Eccles, Ioannou Serafeim, 2014). Governance: Corporate governance of Emirates is an aspect that is considered as the vital strategy for the growth of the company in different parts of the world. The company is successful in managing all the resources in different branches of operations. Emirates is successful in recognizing its resources effectively in order to utilize the resources. Apart from that, the corporate managers and the boards are constantly focusing on the interest of the stakeholders. Transparency: Transparency is the vital constituent of the sustainability that focuses on the different aspects of maintaining employee relations. Employees of Emirates are the strength of the company while providing great serviced to the customers of the company. The different types of changes in regulations in terms of compensation, benefits, products and services are informed to the employees including the stakeholders so that the company can maintain fairness to its employees. Ultimately it helps in the growth of the company in terms of improved customer service to the people using Emirates (Hahn et al. 2014). Business Relationships: Fair trading practices are the policies that reputed companies across the world like Emirates follows in order to maintain transparency in the aspect of the business relationships to the partners. The distributors, suppliers and partners of Emirates are in long term relation with the company for trust building and maintaining fair prices for the goods. The economic and social practices of the company are maintained fair by formulating prices and quality of the services based on environmental, economic and social practices. Financial Return: The financial returns of Emirates to their investors are competitive in nature. The company provides full protection of its assets by providing to the different types of facilities to the shareholders and other investors of the company. It can be said that the financial results of the company and its financial return of Emirates helps in investment of more investors to the company. Emirates is committed to balance all the interests of the investors and shareholders. The sustainability principles of Emirates help in maintaining long term relationships with the customers (Eccles, Ioannou Serafeim, 2014). Community and Economic Development: It can be said that the concept of corporate social responsibility of the company also acts as a different aspect of sustainability in terms of brand building and community developmental programs. Emirates is focused on sustainable development of both community and company as a whole. Economic development of community also helps in improved reputation of the company. Rigorous standards in the education, economic development and health of the members of the community are encouraged by the company. Value of Services and Products: Emirates used to create different explicit programs for assessing the impact of the stakeholders on the service provided by it to the customers. The strong commitment of Emirates towards integrity, safety and customer satisfaction is the key to success of earning global reputation from the different parts of the world. The values provided to the customers are important because they need to realise the value of the amount spending by them while travelling through Emirates. It is the right to customers to different services offered to the customers by Emirates (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Employment Practices: The employment practices of Emirates are world famous. The company puts emphasis to the different strategies that are formulated for maintaining a sound employee relation within the different branches in various parts of the world. The work environment of Emirates is friendly while the employees are responsible for maintaining a sound work life balance by providing excellent customer service to the customers. Protection of the Environment: Sustainable approaches of Emirates towards environment protection include investment on technologies that are used in minimizing the pollution to the environment. The minimized use of the technologies by Emirates is a step towards environment protection. Using noiseless fleets is a sustainable approach for combating sound pollution (Epstein Buhovac, 2014). Conclusion Emirates is considered as the worlds largest international airline that provides high quality service to the customers of the company. The company is focused on seeking global opportunities for the development of business in different parts of the world. The sustainable approaches for Emirates are described in details in the study. It can be said that the sustainable approaches of the company helps in brand building to different parts of the world. The aim of the company is to acquire the most admired position as a air travel service provider. The company is also focused in implementing various sustainable approaches in order to reduce the environmental impact. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Eccles, R. G., Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2014). The impact of corporate sustainability on organizational processes and performance.Management Science,60(11), 2835-2857. Epstein, M. J., Buhovac, A. R. (2014).Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J., Figge, F. (2014). Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames.Academy of Management Review,39(4), 463-487.

Computerized Sizing Essays - Bra Size, Brassieres, Clothing Sizes

Computerized Sizing Computerized Sizing: Accurate or False Three days ago, I was assigned to read an article in the Wall Street Journal on computerized sizing. The goal of the article was to get people to go to certain stores, put on a specialized bra and underwear and have their measurements taken by computerized mirrors. From there, a womans measurements would be put online, in hopes to make their shopping days easier. However, once I started reading the article about Lands Ends new computerized virtual modeling system; I began to question my experiences with online shopping. At first, I thought that it might be kind of neat to have a virtual mode of me online to make my shopping easier. I figured this would allow me to view how something looked, and how well the outfit contoured my body. Secondly, I thought it would be more time efficient. I would never have to leave my house, and I would save gas. Yet, as I read further into the article, I realized that computerized virtual modeling is a terrible invention. When author Rebecca Quick went through the whole process of having a computer measure her, she came to find that the computer was inaccurate by four inches. Now, in ladies terms, that is a whole hell of a big difference. Women will feel discouraged by this new inaccurate sizing, and will not want to shop as much. In addition to it being off on her size, Ms. Quick had to go through the uncomfortable process twice, because the first time around, it did not pick up her precise measurements. So, I asked myself this: If a person can drive to a specialized computer sizing place, just to get their measurements, then why cant he or she take the same effort and drive to the store and actually try on their clothes? For me, I would rather go to a store, try on the items of clothing and form my own opinion of how the item actually looks on my real body. I want to feel the texture, study the contouring of the clothes on my body, and view how well the colors look on me. Thats another problem with computers, their accuracy on colors is not actual to what life-like colors are. Everyone has a unique look, and I believe that computers will tend to violate a persons self image. Overall, I believe that computerized sizing will not be a success in our future. It is already inaccurate, time consuming, and not very comfortable. Computerized sizing is not a fashionable approach to people who really value clothes, style and texture. Marketing Essays

Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Example

Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Example Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Group therapy can profit many different people, from those holding troubles with interpersonal relationships to those covering with specific jobs such as depression, anxiousness, serious medical unwellness, loss, habit-forming upsets or behavioural jobs. Peoples develop a support web through each other no longer experiencing isolated by their status and deriving a greater sense of normalcy.A Therefore, during the group procedure, curative alteration is experient known as the curative factors . There are 11 curative factors: : Instillation of Hope Universality Imparting information Altruism The disciplinary palingenesis of the primary household group Development of socialising techniques Imitative behaviour Interpersonal Learning Group Cohesiveness Catharsis Experiential Factors These factors are mutualist and do non happen or work individually but represent many different parts of the alteration procedure. INSTILLATION OF HOPE What it is: In instillment of hope, the therapist Acts of the Apostless as a facilitator to engraft positive outlooks and corrects negative biass before the chief activity. Consequently, the activity will look meaningful to the group members, thereby actuate them to remain in the group. Why it is healing: Hope is a curative factor as it helps the client to better by detecting the other members cope with and get the better of their troubles. This in bend boosts up the self-pride of the client to take part and set up a curative resonance. Trained equals among the members besides encourage each other in take parting actively, hence, cut downing wellness attention costs and someway doing group intercession of more importance than single 1s. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Sharing of experience A group member who has improved a batch from group therapy can be asked to come and associate his experience to new group members. For illustration, he/she may associate to them how his/her first group had been, how he/she had felt at the beginning of the group, and besides, how he/she felt after several Sessionss. From this feedback, new members will experience bucked up and more hopeful. Puting up homogenous groups Group therapy with people undergoing the same status, e.g. depression, utilizing cured people as group leaders. Group members will portion their narratives with one another and how they overcome their hard times. On seeing how others tackle with their troubles, members will be inspired and experience encouraged. Questions When the group begins, the therapist/leader can inquire inquiries like: Does this group sound like it would work for you? or what would your outlook for this group be? . Through these inquiries, some members may answer that they feel diffident or uncomfortable, while some might be believing positively. When to ease this healing factor: This curative factor is normally facilitated before the group starts. Universality What it is: At the beginning of the group therapy session, some members of the group may experience stray and believe that they are alone and apart from the other members. However, after interaction within themselves, they feel that they are all in the same boat , that is, they all portion more or less the same feelings and emotions. Why it is healing: Universality is healing since it a powerful beginning of alleviation cognizing that we all have practically similar concerns, quandary and life experiences that we portion in common. During the session, clients get the chance to see deep concern about their sense of worth, may it be strength or failings and their ability to associate to others. It is a manner for members of the group to show themselves freely about feelings like shame, stigma and self-blame that have long been a load for them. Finally, the sharing of deepest concerns may trip unplanned healing factors like katharsis which may farther be facilitated by the healer. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity- e.g. Fear Hat: group members are asked to compose their extreme fright on a piece of paper. The documents are so assorted in the chapeau. Each member picks up a paper and read it aloud and asked to give solutions about how to face this fright. Normally, in such type of activity, members may happen that they have more or less common frights and solutions. Puting up homogenous groups: group therapy with people confronting the same job e.g. depression, might be much more easy for them to experience this catholicity and be more motivated to portion their life experiences. The healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: who felt the same? or do you experience the same asaˆÂ ¦ ? to do group members aware that they are non different and apart from each other. When to ease this healing factor: Universality is normally facilitated in the early phases of the therapy normally in the forming stage. Conveyance OF Information What it is: Didactic direction: Didactic instructions are instructions given by the professional ( healer ) . Direct advice: direct advice occurs in every therapy group whereby advice or suggestions come from the healer every bit good as group members. Why it is healing: Didactic direction allows clients to work together in coaction. The group leader helps members to cover with their groundless frights and certain incorrect thoughts about infectiousness. He provides members with information bout their unwellness, intervention option, future hazards and recommendations. He besides helps them face traumatic irritability with active header. Consequently, members in the group learn to go clear, accepting and non-judgmental perceivers. Direct advice can be used to find a group s age by the manner the members formulate inquiries. Advice-giving serves as a usher to be more clear and expressed about interpersonal pathology. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: A picture cartridge holder or informative movie related to the first order aim of the group session can be good. Subsequently, the healer ushers group members to reflect on the information conveyed by the picture. Didactic direction can be facilitated through talks by an expert with the assistance of a posting presentation related to the subject, e.g. alcohol addiction. To ease direct advice about a peculiar subject, images related to this subject can be distributed to group members and asked to portion their sentiments and suggestions among themselves. When to ease this healing factor: This healing factor is normally facilitated in the early phase of the freshly formed group and can be moreover facilitated by the healer throughout the therapy as it occurs with regularity. Altruism What it is: Through selflessness, members gain through giving, non merely in having aid, as portion of the mutual giving-receiving sequence. This means that if members help each other through coaction and corporation, all of them are traveling to derive something at the terminal may it be a touchable or an intangible end-product. Why it is healing: Group therapy with selflessness as healing factor offers the chance to clients to experience that they are good to others in footings of aid receiving systems and suppliers, that is, aid others feel that they have something of value to offer. The group becomes the secure zone for support, reassurance, suggestions and the hazard to unwrap certain similar jobs with one another. Consequently, group members build trust among them and number on each other for self-generated and true reactions and feedback, particularly patients get bying with serious unwellnesss. Altruism is a direct beginning of duties to those from whom members wish to have attention. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Trade activities: doing a trade and offering it to a equal in the group is an effectual manner to ease selflessness. Questions: e.g. the healer may inquire a participant: who have you appreciated the most? . Hereby, the individual appreciated might experience aghast and happy. Activity: e.g. Scavenger hunting: a list of things to look for on the topographic point within a clip frame is given to two squads divided among the group members. The procedure of sharing the duty of whom to look for what and assisting each other builds up selflessness. When to ease this healing factor: Altruism is normally facilitated in the norming and executing stage. THE CORRECTIVE RE-ENACTMENT OF THE PRIMARY FAMILY GROUP What it is: Most clients who enter groups, have had a troubled, unsatisfactory background in the most of import group of their life: the primary household group. The group becomes a utility household in many ways: a therapy group consists of a leader or a co-leader who may stand for the parents, while the other group members may replace for siblings. Since the leader or co-leader is regarded as the parent, some group members tend to seek attending and fondness from them, while others perceive the leaders as dominating, important or commanding. Why it is healing: It is a valuable tool which helps clients in voicing out pent-up feelings through actions or gestures. These pent-up feelings are those they have one time felt in early relationships. The therapy group gives clients the chance to re-experience early household struggles ( e.g. parent-child struggles or sibling competitions ) in a right manner, and which may besides supply group members a opportunity to decide and rectify dysfunctional interpersonal relationships with the aid of the healer and other group members. Furthermore, this healing factor allows clients to research how childhood experiences have affected their behavior. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Given a scenario, group members act out a given function, e.g. , mother/father/daughter/son/siblings. The scenario should be something powerful which will do the participants feel angry or sad. Question After a function drama, the healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: How easy was it to move out the functions? , What did you larn from this exercising? , What can you make to better your moving? , or how of import is it to be able to move? . Activity E.g. Pull a Picture to Better a Relationship: Group members are asked to pull a image for person ( from the group itself ) , with whom they want to better their relationship. They can besides add some notes if they wish to. Then, they give it to that individual. Since the therapy group becomes a utility household, group members will be able to show their feelings to person in the group who may stand for the parents or siblings, and therefore, rectifying their behavior and relationship with that individual. When to ease this healing factor: This healing factor can be facilitated in the storming stage. In this stage, the intimacy and the strong bond which have already been established among the group members makes it easier for a client to accept feedback from others. Group members can so work out closely to rectify dysfunctional relationships. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALISING TECHNIQUES What it is: The development of basic societal accomplishments occurs in therapy groups. Group therapy focuses on bettering societal accomplishments through feedbacks. For illustration, group members offer feedback to one another about the rightness of others behaviors. Why it is healing: While this may be a painful and hurtful experience, nevertheless, the strong bond and the trust that exist between the group members make it easy to offer feedbacks and information about maladaptive societal behavior. The feedback is offered in a direct and honest manner. Clients are so less likely to experience offended by the feedback and will accept the facts, therefore, assisting to better clients relationship both within and outside the group. The development of socializing techniques is besides curative because the group scene is safe and supportive, and allows group members to experiment safely without fright of failure. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Role drama, e.g. exposing group members to polite societal books like traveling for a occupation interview or traveling to a eating house. After the activity, perceivers can notice on participants public presentation and how they can better their address or facial looks or gestures to look polite. Activity Formulate your sentences. This activity can be done to assist group members learn different ways to show themselves straight and clearly without judging or arousing others by re-formulating their sentences. It besides helps in bettering societal accomplishments. The undermentioned image gives an illustration of how to explicate sentences. Questions After a function drama, the healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: how hard was it to move out? or how of import is it to be able to move? . When to ease the healing factor: This healing factor is usually facilitated in the norming and acting stages, after coherence has been good established. Normally, before the norming and acting stages, group members have already acquired different ways of pull offing struggles, and they are more likely to be able to show themselves. Hence, the healing factor should be facilitated in the norming and acting stages. IMITATIVE BEHAVIOUR What it is: In a group therapy, clients tend to be influenced by the healer. For illustration, in a group, the healer will back up, listen, observe and offer non-judgmental feedback to group members. At a certain point, clients will follow these behaviors and integrate them. Not merely do they copy the healer, but they will, at a certain point, besides try to copy other group members. Why it is healing: Imitative behavior is healing because it is a signifier of larning members observe and learn how others tackle and overcome their troubles. Clients invariably seek out all those behaviors ( particularly positive 1s, because positive behaviors evoke a positive response from the group ) until they feel that a peculiar behavior fits them. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Role drama, e.g. Carrying person to acquire up from his/her place. In this activity, one by one, each member, including the healer, will seek to carry another group member to acquire up from his/her place in a right manner, without being aggressive. Throughout the activity, each member will detect how others dealt with the state of affairs and therefore, they will seek to copy some of the behaviors which they find suited. By the terminal of the activity, the last member to seek this out would be the 1 who has seen everyone act. Therefore, he will integrate the positive behavior, which will take to a positive response. Theme Covering with hard state of affairss . An activity related to this subject can be done, whereby each member will associate about a state of affairs he has late had. Other group members will so give solutions as to how they can cover with this state of affairs. Throughout this activity, there can be person who will come frontward with sensible thoughts or thoughts of wisdom. This will bring forth a positive response from the group. Hence, on seeing the elicited positive response, other members will seek to respond the same manner ; they will seek to copy those behaviors and present some solutions which they feel might be really much appreciated by others, therefore, making a positive response. Questions After a function drama, the healer can ease the imitative behavior by inquiring inquiries like: Do you believe that the individual might hold felt hurt by your behavior? or Can you seek to make like this? When to ease the healing factor: Imitative behavior can be facilitated in the early phases of the group, i.e. in the forming stages, since members will hold ample clip to experiment new behaviors. INTERPERSONAL LEARNING What it is: Interpersonal acquisition occurs largely within a group. It is through interactions and sharing of one s ain reactions and perceptual experience of each other s behavior. There are three of import constructs to ease interpersonal acquisition, foremost the interpersonal relationships, disciplinary emotional experiences and eventually societal microcosm. Why it is healing: Interpersonal communicating additions socialisation. It besides helps to understand each other by sharing intelligence and cognition. It is besides a average how it is possible to develop a trust between each other. It teaches the type of feeling one should hold towards others. It gives an chance to larn to near others. Learning from others feedbacks, if I confuse people by non stating what I truly think. It is another manner to indicate out one s ain wonts and idiosyncrasies that annoy other people. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Subject: Geting penetration of one s job Question: the healer can inquire inquiries such as: who wants to propose solutions to this job? . Activity: Drawn to career- group members to discourse their ends if they were a politician, lawyer, instructor, curate or a physician, societal worker. When to ease the healing factor: Interpersonal acquisition can be facilitated in ramping and norming stages of group therapy. GROUP COHESIVENESS What it is: Cohesiveness is a basic belongings of groups. It is a bond that helps the group to work good together and be successful in making their ends. Cohesiveness has two dimensions: emotional ( or personal ) and task-related. The emotional facet of coherence is derived from the connexion that members feel to other group members and to their group as a whole. A good therapist- client relationship is said to be critical for a positive result and this is characterized by trust, heat, empathetic apprehension and credence. The relationship of the client- healer in single therapy encompasses the person s relationship to the group healer, to the other group members and to the group as a whole. All these relationships in the group are referred as group coherence . All the groups do non portion the same type of coherence. The importance of group coherence Group coherence is the manner how to acquire people in a group connected, committed and in harmoniousness with undertaking ends and aims. Both emotional connection and the experience of group effectivity contribute to group coherence. The demand for belonging is unconditioned in us all. Both during single or group therapy, this demand is addressed for case therapy groups may bring forth a positive trust, empathy and credence. An person is accepted merely if the latter adheres to the norms and effects set by the group. Group coherence as experienced by the members creates lasting relationships which might be for the first clip in some of the latter s life. There are many benefits to group coherence. Four chief benefits are: The communicating within the group is much more extensive.A In other words, people who like each other communicate better and more often with each other. Groups that are more cohesive have positive interactions with one another.A Peoples are more friendly and there is an increased feeling of the group as a whole.A As a consequence, the group acts as a whole non as persons. A group that has a high degree of group coherence is much more successful in accomplishing their goal.A The feeling of togetherness in the group motivates members to accomplish the coveted end and their attempts addition. The members in groups that are cohesive are much more satisfied with that group.A As a consequence, they are more willing to remain in the group longer and frequently recommend the group to others. The mechanism of action The healer needs to move as a facilitator hence making conditions for self- geographic expedition and to take the hurdlings that block the procedure of growing. Acceptance and understanding among members help to break beef up the group than being accepted by the healer. Therefore the experience felt by homo is truly of great value to the person in the group. The more an person is bonded to the group, the greater the regard he has to it and the higher his self- regard. Why it is healing: Group coherence is an of import concept in understanding the behaviour of groups. It is non simply a powerful curative force but is besides a stipulation for other curative factors to work optimally. Hence coherence is necessary for other group curative factors to run. Group coherence besides helps in promoting unfastened look of dissension. It has a sense of squad spirit and the willingness of its members to organize their attempts. Furthermore, it has a echt sense of equal assisting and societal support, stepping up for what is right, traveling squad along in the right way. It raises one s ego regard and assist alter their behaviours and attitudes towards others. The group members learn to be responsible and independent. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activities: Island game- all the group members should stand on a piece of newspaper ( the island ) so the healer will rupture pieces and the members should group together forestalling themselves from falling off the paper. Helium Stick: All the group members will seek to put the stick on the floor utilizing merely one finger. Subjects: Increasing the squad spirit between group members The session will be tied to commitment, coaction, teamwork or single and common answerability. When to ease the healing factor: This healing factor would be facilitated at the beginning of the group and can be facilitated during ramping stage as when uncomfortableness will emerge. The work will be more ambitious. Catharsis What it is: Catharsis is derived from the Greek word which is translated as cleansing or purification . It is a powerful and nonvoluntary experience of emotional discharge followed by a feeling of great alleviation. These emotional discharges can be expressed both positively and negatively. In general, those members of the group ( high scholars ) who showed a profile of katharsis normally express a signifier of cognitive acquisition. Catharsis is therefore an indispensable constituent of the alteration procedure. Catharsis is said to be more helpful once it is related to cohesiveness. Along with these group bonds, strong look of emotion is enhanced ensuing into positive results. Why it is healing: Catharsis helps to see and responds fruitfully to life s challenges. It is a good manner to manage choler and accomplish a desirable province of relaxation. Catharsis allows clients to air out out their feelings and helps in the command of affectional experiences and emotions. It helps group members to accomplish interpersonal acquisition. It besides helps in geting accomplishments for the hereafter and to derive personal growing in groups. Catharsis is besides curative when it applies to the look of negative affect particularly in true instances when an single understands himself or the other individual in the group. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Subjects: Covering with struggles Activities: Argument after watching a calamity cartridge holder or intelligence Each member will state something negative about the other group member that they neer had the bravery to state hence there will be the consequence of surprise and surprisingness. When to ease the healing factor: Catharsis can be facilitated during the group treatment and in the norming stage. EXISTENTIAL FACTORS What it is: Experiential factors are all those factors related to existence ultimate duty for our ain behavior, basic isolation in footings of confronting life entirely, decease, hurting and unpredictability of being, and their confrontation against the rough experiential facts of life. Why it is healing: This healing factor should be facilitated as the full class of experiential factors is frequently graded higher as compared to other healing factors. Group members besides learn to develop greater familiarity with others and its bounds every bit good. Therapists facilitate experiential factors by doing clients larn about how to confront their restrictions with bravery, e.g. some factors like basic solitariness can non be taken off and resolved, but can merely be known and finally embraced as built-in portion of being. Clients with serious unwellness are brought aggressively back to world and prioritise their concerns in their proper position. Consequently, they may go more optimistic and lend their unwellness positively to their lives. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Question Therapist can inquire inquiry like: how make you experience when you have to work with person you have non chosen? . Through feedback, members will gain that they are responsible for their ain life, no affair who comes in their life. Activity Fear Hat. In this activity, members will compose their secret frights on a piece of paper. The documents are so assorted in a chapeau. Each member picks up a paper randomly and read it aloud and gives solutions about how to face this fright. Throughout this activity, each member will go cognizant of all types of fright and rough facts of life that they might themselves confront one twenty-four hours or the other. They will besides larn how to accept those hard worlds. Activity Making a personal batch. In this activity, each group member draws a batch and divides it into six parts in which they write about the followers: a personal symbol, successes, defect ( s ) , dreams, stepping rocks and a quotation mark. The healer so asks each member to portion with the group what he has written on the batch. Becoming aware of their strengths, failings and what maintain them keep on to life will alarm group members and actuate them to withstand the tough experiential facts of life. When to ease this healing factor: Experiential factors are facilitated at the terminal of the group therapy session in the expiration stage because the healer wants the members to detach themselves from the group and travel out in the society and face life entirely because no affair how much support one may have from others, he is on his ain duty. Decision Group intercession is one avenue that holds considerable promise in accomplishing improved intervention results and an economically sustainable wellness attention system. The curative factors built-in in the procedure of group reding are powerful mechanisms of alteration and guarantee that appropriate chances exist for their happening. The happening and impact of these curative factors vary within a group and from group to group. Additionally, some factors play a more important function at different phases of the group than other factors. Not all group members experience the same curative factors in the same manner or to the same grade.

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The Domestication Of Wild Animals History Essay

The Domestication Of Wild Animals History Essay The Fertile Crescent has been called the Cradle of Civilization for many years. The Cradle of Civilization is the key to understanding when the human population began to thrive and create villages, cities, and ultimately states. Without the domestication and cultivation of the land there would have never been enough food to support such a dense population of people. Hunting and collecting entirely from the wild could not possibly support even a tiny fraction of the worlds current population (Bellwood, 1). There were seven core domesticates in the Fertile Crescent, they include sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, emmer wheat, einkorn wheat and barley. All of these species were domesticated and had an important role in the Fertile Crescent throughout the two millennia emergence of agrarian societies between 10000 and 8000 B.P. We can best understand the events of this period by first focusing on the developmental history of the individual species of animals and plants that were brought under d omestication, and then combining those individual histories into the more complex overall story in the emergence of the agriculture in the region (Smith, 51). However due to the confines of this paper we will take an in depth look at the animals domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The story of the Fertile Crescent starts before the emergence of the hunter- gatherers, who were ravaging the forests and grass lands. By 10000 B.P. the beginning of the 2000 year period that would witness the development of agriculture, human societies had taken advantage of the post-Pleistocene proliferation of plant and animal resources, and the Fertile Crescent was inhabited by a diverse array of hunter-gatherer societies (Smith, 51). The Pleistocene era had ended with a much warmer climate that also brought a much moister climate to the area. This climate change was one that favored the wild annual cereal grasses (Sagan, 249). Also it allowed the sparse movement of hunter-gatherer groups to move in to the area. It was there that they discovered that a more sedentary lifestyle produced more of a surplus of food and then that of foraging. The Fertile Crescents environmental zones are keys to understanding the development of the domestications of the animals (and plants). There are three main environmental zones involved in the origin of cultivation in the Fertile Crescent. The eastern section of which comprises the foothills and margins of the Zagros Mountains (Maisels 133). The central or the north is mostly made up of the broad rolling grasslands. And lastly, the western section whose central axis is the important Levantine corridor and Jordan Valley (Smith, 51). There were many changes that occurred due to the domestication of animals (and plants). These changes were many times become genetic due to the consistent selection of the more adequately produced products. In wild grains, the axis or rachis is brittle, which allows the grain to reseed itself easily. Selection of the grains was at first an accidental by-product of harvesting, and later intentionally, the people selected grains in which the axis was tougher, allowing less grain to fall to the ground, thus raising yields (Sagan 247). They also selected plants that were more easily husked. The people used the same natural selection process when choosing livestock. They selected woolly animals from among wild sheep, which are not normally woolly, thus acquiring sheep better suited to lowland heat and from which to obtain wool. Fossil remains indicate that the domestication of the sheep and goat was accompanied by a decrease in the size of the animal. The animals domesticated in the Fertile Crescent were a key to the development of the humans in the area. The readily available source of meat aided in the functions of the brain, which led to the ability to think more complexly and creatively. The brain is fueled by protein therefore with more protein in the diet the mind began to develop more completely. Thus the importance of the domestication of the animals to the human race, without having to hunt for the meat they were getting a more readily available source of protein (Wilkinson 139). The Persian wild goat has been recognized as the ancestor to the first domesticated goat. The Persian wild goat tends to be found in the more rugged terrain. It is in the eastern section of the Fertile Crescent that we find the most evidence of goats being hunted for their meat. Specifically at the site of Ganj Dareh, which was excavated in 1970s, which found at the lowest level, which dates back to 9000 B.P. contained approximately 5000 identifiable goat bones (Old Goats). Brian Hesse of the University of Alabama at Birmingham studied these bones. He used a new analytical technique to try to piece together evidence of the domestication of goats. Hesse theorized that a domesticated herd should have two clear distinguishing characteristics: (1) a large percentage of animals slaughtered for meat late in their immaturity, when they had attained much of their adult size; (2) an adult breeding population in which females far outnumbered males (Smith, 60). Through complex measurements of t he bones discovered at Ganj Dareh, Hesse discovered that the males were being killed before they reached adult hood and the females overwhelmingly stood for most of the population. This stunning breakthrough specifies that an age and sex profile that closely agrees with that of a herd of domesticated goats managed to provide meat (Old Goats). Clear demographic evidence appears to indicate that goats were domesticated at Ganj Dareh as early as 9000 years ago. The increase of the proportions of goat bones among the animal remains is an indicator to the shift to goat herding. Wild Sheep were the second animal to be domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The wild ancestor of domesticated sheep ranged throughout much of the Fertile Crescent. A large amount of evidence of wild sheep can be found in the central region (Sagon, 245). There is much data to indicate that the wild sheep was not an important prey in the areas of Levant. There is, however, evidence showing that the sheep were a prey in Jericho that date wild sheep back to 10000 to 9500 years ago (Wilkinson 149). The degree to which the hunter-gatherer societies in different parts of the Fertile Crescent relied on wild sheep for food parallels the animals abundance in their local environments 10000 to 8000 years ago. The wild sheep were most were most abundantly discovered in the central region. This is probably why around 8500 B.P. sheep were first domesticated in the central area of the Fertile Crescent. There, the land is better suited to the wild sheep thus they were a more common target for hunte rs in that area, leading to the domestication of the sheep. With the change from being wild to being domesticated, the sheep, according to the fossil record, got smaller due to the selection process of the humans tending to the animals. It is in the apex of the Fertile Crescent that sheep herding first became an important component of agricultural economies (Smith, 57). The pig was, as far as we know the third animal to be domesticated. Wild pigs were greatly hunted in the northern part of the central region. Facts have lead archeologist to date the bones of the wild pigs to 9000 B.P. The pigs continued to be a substantial part of the diet of the people in this northern area of the Fertile Crescent, even after the shift to the herding of sheep and goats (Sagan, 243). The site of Cayà ¶nà ¼ tends to be the marker for the earliest domesticated pig, in the vicinity of 8500 years ago. There have been some tentative theories that approximate the domestication of pigs to be closer to the date of 10000 B.P. (Smith, 67). It is Richard Redding who proposed this theory, which the bones of the pigs at Hallan Cemi, strongly represent the ages of bones of a possible herding community of pigs. However since we know nothing about the ages of the pigs that the hunters targeted we have no basis for making the claim that the pigs at Hallan Cemi were indeed domestic ated and herded. For now it remains unverified but the alluring prospect that pigs were domesticated much before the evidence now shows. Cattle were probably the last and least important of the four main animals that were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The ancestors of domesticate cattle were probably considered to be a dangerous pay due to the size of the animal. However, it was also a significantly large package of meat. The area in the Levant and Jordan Valley has dated wild cattle bones to approximately 9000 to 8000 years ago. Like the pigs the cattle had an exceptionally large geographical range and extended far beyond the Fertile Crescent. There has been clear documentation of a pattern that shows the reduction of size in the cattle between 8000 and 7000 B.P. While cattle may show to be of little importance to the region between 10000 and 8000 B.P. it later became the dominant species of the market (Smith, 56). Now that we have looked at the individual histories of the animals of four of the seven core domesticates of the Fertile Crescent we see many patterns are emerging. The four species share common lines of evidence that include; geographical range, increase in abundance, reduction in size and change in age/sex profiles (Smith, 67). This evidence has led to the indication that these histories were distinct and still follows the same indication of domestication. The goats were domesticated in the earliest portion of the period, at around 9000 B.P. Then the sheep, pigs and cattle soon followed after approximately 300 years after the domestication of the goats. After the domestication of animals (and plants) the small villages began becoming states, they were becoming more and more like a modern day civilization. The early stages of food production in the Middle East were marked by gradual transition from foraging to producing economies. Many changes were caused by the production and cultivation of food. Such changes include population increase, which caused the resulting migration and forced other areas to respond and begin their own cultivation of their resources. Also, there had been a gradual population increase; this was based on the native richness of the environment, which helped spur the spread of food production (Maisels, 140). On the other hand, in the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain, cultivation required irrigation, which began around 7000 B.P. and changed the world of farming. Irrigation allowed farming to spread away from the normal areas that were close to the riverbanks, by bringing the water away from the riverbanks the cult ivation began to strive. By 6000 B.P., irrigation systems had become far larger and more complex, and were associated with a new political system. This new establishment was based on central government, extreme contrasts of wealth, and social classes, the beginnings of the state (Wilkinson, 141). The written and archaeological record indicates that the early Mesopotamian states were city states (Sumer and Elam), ruled by a literate theocracy that managed virtually all major aspects of the economy, which was overwhelmingly agrarian. The theocracy was replaced by 4,500 B.P.; it was replaced by a secular, military monarchy, based upon an elaborate class system (Sagon, 300). Thus ended the revolution of modern humans in the world of cultivation we now knew use the animals (and plants) to our advantage. As time continues to slip by we find more and more ways to maximize the products we get from the domestication of animals (and cultivation of plants) (Sagan, 248). To sum everything up Southwest Asia was inhabited by small groups of hunter-gatherers. These groups, due to the climatic change, became more and more sedentary and begin to develop a source of food production. This production of food came from the domestication and cultivation of plants and animals. The herded animals provided a constant source of protein in their diet and allowed for the hunters to expend their energy in other areas of life. The cultivation of the plants allows for a reliable supply of grains in their diet. This made the people of this time able to support larger families, which turned into villages, cities, and ultimately states.

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future Essay -- Natural Science essays

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future El Nino is both an atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon affecting weather patterns all around the world. It is complemented by La Nina in a cycle that occurs approximately every 4 years, varying as much as every two years to every six years (Wang 1999, 3331). La Nina has almost the opposite effect, however differs in its strength and duration randomly, as does El Nino (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The cycle is often paraphrased as ENSO, standing for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (Flugel 1997, 3230). It is called this because the El Nino phenomenon is especially strong in the Southern Hemisphere, and has greater effects in areas of the pacific near the equator. Although ENSO is prominent in certain areas, it alters weather patterns all around the world. The El Nino pattern can be quite random with and approximate range of 2 to 6 years per cycle, and is a loaded gun believed to be triggered by western winds (Fedorov 2000, 1997). Many scientists are now looking to the past for answers, so the El N ino cycle can be predicted for the years to come. New discoveries have recently been made on El Nino's history, and possible future. Recent El Nino's and La Nina's have shown that there is no effect of the strength and duration of one on the other (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The last one in 1997 was among the strongest, next to the 1982 El Nino (Fedorov 1997). Although the ENSO is relatively unpredictable, some scientists believe it to be dependent upon the intensity of trade winds and the depth of the thermocline (Fedorov 2000, 1997). A thermocline is the layer of water that rests between the upper and lower layer water that are categorized by the water temperature (Fedorov 2000, 1997). For example, off the coast of Peru... ... could argue that these alterations from the normal ENSO cycle could be due to global warming. Right now more research is being conducted, which would be necessary to prove this theory. Only time can tell us whether we will need to beware of El Nino's wrath in the future or whether El Nino will be tapering out. Works Cited Fedorov, Alexey V. and S. George Philander. "Is El Nino Changing?". Science: vol. 288, June 16, 2000, pp. 1997-2001. Flugel, Moritz and Ping Chang. "Does the Predictability of ENSO Depend on the Seasonal Cycle?". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 55, No. 21, pp. 3230-3243. Kerr, Richard A. "El Nino Grew Strong As Cultures Were Born". Science: vol. 283, Jan 22, 1999, pp. 467-468. Wang, Risheng and Bin Wang. "Phase Space Representation and Characteristics of El Nino-La Nina". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 57, No. 19, pp. 3315-3333.

Life Transitions Essay

The mesosystem is the second structure within Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model. Bowes & Hayes (1999) describe the mesosystem as the interrelationships between the indivuduals in the microsystem. There is direct collaboration between the individual and their relationships between their microsystem, their behaviors, expectations and values may differ with different experiences (Bowes, Grace & Hayes 2012). Regarding my life transition, the relationships between home and school within the microsystem became stressful, causing a negative impact on myself. Though when looking at figure 2, it is evident that after the stressors had ceased, a strong positive relationship occurred. This example highlights how a negative relationship between two aspects of the microsystem can dramatically change and become a powerful mesosytem agents to the individual effecting their development. Other indirect relationships that still effect the individual are seen in the exosystem. Garbarino (1992) describes the exosystem as a setting in which the individual is not directly involved with, but still has an effect on them through the meso or microsystem. In terms of my life transition, the relationship with my father and his workplace from figure 1 does not affect me directly, though due to this my relationship with my father lessened throughout my transition to University for his working hours increased causing us to spend less time together. The outer most relationships shown in figures 1 and 2 are known as the macrosystem. According to Bowes, Grace & Hayes (2012) the macro system is the broad societal or cultural contexts, cultural beliefs systems and values that are passed through our micro and mesosystems. An example of my personal transition is the government fundings for rural students to study away from home which allowed my financial transition to be much smoother. The last key structure to Bronfenbrenner’ social ecological model is known as the chronosystem. The chronosystem emphasizes the individuals changes or in any of the ecological contexts of development over time (Shaffer & Kipp 2006). An example of my personal transition that was undertaken was the sudden death of my father. It not only changed myself as an individual, but will  continue to affect my across my life span. Harms (2010) created another multidimensional approach within Bronfenbrenner’s model which takes the individuals inner world into consideration as well as their environment. Both Harms and Bronfenbrenner’s models display that though there are different dimensions of the models, they are both connected to each other in multiple ways. Gibsons theoretical framework is another example of a perspective in human development. Both Bronfenbrenner and Gibsons theories involved the concept of there being a strong relationship between the individual and their environment, both have aspects that are focused in change over time Tudge, Gray, & Hogan (1997). Developmental niche is another example of a model based upon different dimentions. Harkness & Super, (1994) define a developmental niche as two processes that are unique to an individual. It is based upon three basic components, the physical and social settings, culturally regulated customs and the psychology of the individual an example of a developmental niche would be the individual and their close friends as it was formed from mutual interests. In addition, the relationships between the structures of an individual’s microsystem can also impact in a similar way. Furthermore when discussing individual development, the concepts of resilience and vulnerability must be seen as factors. In terms of my personal transition, I would haveoriginally been seen as vulnerable, though due to increasing protective factors such as new relationships being formed from my microsystem level, I then would have been deemed resilient as I was able to thrive and adapt to the new change (Miller, Osbahr, Boyd, Thomalla, Bharwani, Ziervogel,†¦ & Nelson 2010). Life transitions occur in individuals lives due to a psychological or environmental change in a particular time in their life. My personal transition that is being discussed was the move from highschool and my home town, to moving to Bendigo and commence University studies. Bronfenbrenners ecological model was used to demonstrate the changed faced in terms of Microsystems, Mesosystems, Exosystem and Macrosystems. There are many other contributing factors that influence an individual and their life changes,  from other theories such as Harms model, as well as Gibsons, to the vulnerability or resilience of the individual. When taking all these aspects into my personal transition, it is clearly shown that my relationships, psychological state and environment have all ended as positive and thus becoming a positive transition. References: Berry, J. O. (1995). Families and deinstitutionalization: An application of Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology model. Journal of Counseling & Development,73(4), 379-383. Bowes, J, M., Hayes, A. (1999). Children, families and communities: contexts and consequences. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Bowes, J., Grace, R,. & Hayes, A. (2012). The role of context in childrens development. Retrieved from: http://0-www.lib.latrobe.edu.au.alpha2.latrobe.edu.au/ereserve/copyright2014/4140321.pdf Bronfenbrenner, U. (1999). Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models. Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts, 3-28. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1997). Ecological models of human development. Readings on the development of children, 1993, 37-43. Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment (2nd ed.). New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1994). The developmental niche: A theoretical framework for analyzing the household production of health. Social science & medicine, 38(2), 217-226. Harms, L (2010) Understanding human development: a multidimensional approach. Oxford University Press. Miller, F., Osbahr, H., Boyd, E., Thomalla, F., Bharwani, S., Ziervogel, G., †¦ & Nelson, D. (2010). Resilience and vulnerability: complementary or conflicting concepts?. Ecology & society, 15(3). Rosa, E. M., & Tudge, J. (2013). Urie bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: Its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(4), 243-258. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12022 Shaffer, D., & Kipp, K. (2006). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Cengage Learning Swick, K. J., & Williams, R. D. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), 371-378. Tudge, J., Gray, J., & Hogan, D. M. (1997). Ecological perspectives in human development: A comparison of Gibson and Bronfenbrenner. Comparisons in human development: Understanding time and context, 72-105.

Anti-nuclear movements

Anti-nuclear movements During and after World War II Australia began supplying uranium for the US and UK's weapons programs, and this is how Australia got involved. British weapons tests in South Australia and Western Australia 1952-63 left a long line of health problems for Aborigines and armed service personnel, as well as significant environmental damage.“Let's face it. We don't want safe nuclear power plants. We want NO nuclear power” plants Ââ€"A spokesman for the Government Accountability Project, an offshoot of the Institute for Policy Studies, The American Spectator, Vol 18, No. 11, Nov. 1965The Atomic Energy Commission which was created in 1953 wanted to initiate nuclear power, to push towards nuclear weapons and to make plans to use “peaceful” nuclear explosives for civil engineering projects.Contesters of nuclear energy used the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty of 1968 to strengthen the associations between the international export and expansion of nuclear power technologies and the production of nuclear weapons.Deutsch: Anti-AKW-Demonstration auf dem Bonner Hof...Eventually the coalition between US and Australian imperialism developed into a stronger one. In 1951, The ANZUS treaty was signed and the building of military bases at North West Cape, Pine Gap and Nurrungar constricted Australia to the US nuclear war-fighting machine in the 1960s and '70s.During the 1960's, due to the obvious weakening of the natural and inner-city environments the environmental movement grew. Some environmentalists saw nuclear energy as a way to decrease pollution even though the majority of the people who joined the movement by now had anti-nuclear attitudes, and all the way through that time the anti-nuclear movement was chosen within the environmental movement, although a huge portion of the people who identify themselves as environmentalists, favour nuclear energy.Since power production by nuclear plants was usually centralized and nuclear power has forever been a technolo gy which occupies specialists, some individuals...

News Media and Society essays

News Media and Society essays The media sources that I usually use consist of the television, radio, computer, and newspapers. The stations that I watch most are CNN, ESPN, MTV, and FOX news. The radio stations I listen to are mostly music oriented, but I occasionally listen to KDKA talk shows. I use my computer to get on the internet and I like to use MSNBC. The newspaper I currently receive is the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. When I want to learn about the local news I tend to listen to KDKA on the radio and read the Pittsburgh Post. For my national news I watch CNN and Fox news. I also log onto the internet where I will visit MSNBC frequently. I use the television probably the most to get my information because it is by far the most convenient. I am able to quickly get news and be entertained at the same time. A close second is the internet. As computers become quicker and easier to use, I am enjoying surfing the internet more for my information. I usually do not read magazines, because I do not have the time to read them. I currently subscribe to one magazine and that is Kiplingers. I am usually unable to read each monthly issue by the time I get the next one. I think I am influenced by the media by what channels and programs I watch and listen to. Most of the programs I like are on the informative side. The talk shows I listen to seem to support different views. I tend to side with some of the conservative approaches because some of the programs I watch support their views. A good example of how I am influenced and how I think others are influenced by what news programs they listen to happened the other day. I was watching a Fox news program on the appointment of the new Iraqi government that was replacing the current one assigned by the U.S. The report was very positive and talked about how this process was the first step for the Iraqis to take control back over their country. My overall feeling was that this was a good thing to happen. After li...

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA Term Paper

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA - Term Paper Example There is a great need in the modern society that enterprises were guided not only by the possibility to make more profit but also to fulfill the community’s expectations. It requires companies to be customer-centered and perform activities in accordance with the view of society’s development. In addition, companies should also be responsible to stakeholders with regard to the environment, equity, employment, health, and human rights and community development (Fulfilling Social Responsibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Extract from Chinese Government Guidelines, 2013). Such an approach will help enterprises realize a balance between their growth, society and the environment. Moreover, its a requirement by the entire society that companies followed social activities since businesses have a significant impact on almost all aspects of the society and life of its people.   Edvardsson and Enquist (2006) state that the most fundamental and enduring asset for any company is the brand. However, value-based service brands are more important in building the good company’s image, where the enterprise tries to avoid aligning itself with such negative values as environmental pollution or cheap labor conditions. Instead, focusing on the attractive values such as community development and provision of healthy products help the company to create its positive image and contribute fully to the society (Edvardsson & Enquist, 2006). A Swedish multinational company Ikea that designs and sells  ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances, small motor vehicles, and home accessories, has built its values-based service brand by following the vision â€Å"To create a better everyday life for the many people† (The Ikea vision, n.d.).  The idea of its founder to create the home furnishings of good design and functionality and at a price that everyone could afford was the main â€Å"democratic idea† of the company.     Ã‚  

Weekly ass. #9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weekly ass. #9 - Essay Example We wanted someone who could supply the linen to us at a considerably cheaper price. Therefore, we are offering the contract to a candidate who is supplying the linen at a price that is within our range. However, the good work that you have been doing is not forgettable and we are keeping your tender in our system. If at any time you feel that you can review the range at which you supply the materials to us, you will be among the first to be considered if there is any other opportunity for tenders. There are many other products that Anytown General Hospital needs and you can present your tender for supplies in any other department. We are starting classes for free disaster preparedness. We need suppliers for some of the products that we will be using; you can check on our website for details and present your tender if you would wish to bid. On behalf of Anytown General Hospital, I thank you for your time, interest, effort and continual cooperation when you worked with us. I wish you the best in your business proceedings, and if you have any questions regarding the same issue, please do not hesitate to contact us through

Economic Trends of Global Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Trends of Global Markets - Essay Example Lastly, major disruption in global energy supplies that â€Å"could be driven by conflict among key energy-producing states, sustained internal instability in two or more major energy-producing states, or major terrorist actions† (15). Why is the United States currently experiencing a major trade deficit? In March 2006, Robert Scott reported that the United States’ major trade deficit was caused by â€Å"rapid growth in the deficit on goods and services trade and large increase in unilateral transfers, which were temporarily reduced by payments from foreign insurers for losses caused by hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the third quarter.† Two-thirds of the increase in U.S. deficit was largely attributed to the rapidly rising oil prices and imports according to Scott. In addition, he also cited the rapid growth of interest payments to foreign holders of U.S. Treasury securities. Foreign holdings of these securities, whose interest rates are expected to rise as well, have increased by $ 108 billion in the last quarter of 2005 alone. Scott estimated that foreign borrowings made up for more than 80% of the federal debt increase. With the Asian governments’ bullish promotion of its export-led growth at the backdrop, Scott pointed that the 11% decline in the U.S. dollar’s value since the second quarter of 2002 was insufficient to slow the trade deficit’s growth. He added that â€Å"the dollar must fall by at least 30% to 40%† for the deficit to reach a sustainable level of less than 3% of the U.S. GDP. This would reduce export prices and achieve the needed increase in exports relative to imports. This scenario will likewise push up the prices of imports in the U.S. resulting to import reduction and a shift in demand favorable to U.S. products. Why are some observers optimistic about the long-term trade position of the United State

Conception and Ethics of Attire in Puritans of Elizabeth and Jacob Era Essay Example for Free

Conception and Ethics of Attire in Puritans of Elizabeth and Jacob Era Essay In English literature, importance of religion can not be denied at any cost. Two thoughts had emerged up since yet in Elizabeth England therefore their believes, faith and conviction became solid in nature. A thing is mandatory in distinct dimensions initial in esteem of nature for the safeguarding of being healthy. Next would be honor for place, calling and clause for the repairs and maintenance therefore human literature talks about ethics and tradition which normally is being prevailed inside particular place. [ ] Catholic and puritan is two distinctive segment of religion in England. England’s Golden Age The mainly fabulous era of English literature, called the Elizabethan Age. It was started in the later years of Elizabeths mortality. Francis Bacon wrote on ‘The Faerie Queene in her honor. Shakes came before her but at the time of her casualty he had not yet written most of his great tragedies. Elizabeth enjoyed plays, but there is no verification that she appraised Shakespeare’s genius in Golden age, catholic were more in number than puritans [ ] In 1500, transformational phase was being proceeded as believes, thoughts and faith had been getting shape therefore official religion was that one which king or queen personally liked and brought it into limelight by teaching this particular religion. But some people had to adhere the fact if they fell in wrong religion therefore they treated like bull shit. They had remained risk of losing their wealth and property in any case of mishap. Puritans were basically invention of martin Luther who made this particular segment for the sake of abstaining comment from outside. Like in transformational period, people started to question on the Roman Catholic practitioner and followers. Generically term puritan narrates to protestant infect people who accused to protest against the set pattern of catholic terms. The major code of Puritanism was Gods supreme power on human contact therefore inside the church and particularly as spoken in the Bible. This view put them to request jointly to person and shared conformance to the training of the Bibl, and it put them to pursue both ethical clarity down to the nominal feature as well as church transparency to the maximum level. Puritan community really gave prestigious value both man and woman as if defined their roles in society. puritan had many conflicting points with catholic as portents didn’t believe in hierarchical relation of religious servers in church but this side of people like father who used to deliver indispensable services to people but catholic after passage of time replaced this idea therefore conflicts in believe a raised which made distribution among people. Eventually two groups of people arise. The basic of social classification exerted authority of husband on wife, parents over children and owner on servants in social context. Puritan wedding preferences were prejudiced by juvenile people’s leaning, by parents by the social ranks [ ]. Which have cavernous touch to puritan method of bandage because family setup talks about personal liking and disliking that’s why this key influencing factor always have some imposed thinking in the mind of individual who is usually pertaining entitlement of that community.