Computerized Sizing Essays - Bra Size, Brassieres, Clothing Sizes

Computerized Sizing Computerized Sizing: Accurate or False Three days ago, I was assigned to read an article in the Wall Street Journal on computerized sizing. The goal of the article was to get people to go to certain stores, put on a specialized bra and underwear and have their measurements taken by computerized mirrors. From there, a womans measurements would be put online, in hopes to make their shopping days easier. However, once I started reading the article about Lands Ends new computerized virtual modeling system; I began to question my experiences with online shopping. At first, I thought that it might be kind of neat to have a virtual mode of me online to make my shopping easier. I figured this would allow me to view how something looked, and how well the outfit contoured my body. Secondly, I thought it would be more time efficient. I would never have to leave my house, and I would save gas. Yet, as I read further into the article, I realized that computerized virtual modeling is a terrible invention. When author Rebecca Quick went through the whole process of having a computer measure her, she came to find that the computer was inaccurate by four inches. Now, in ladies terms, that is a whole hell of a big difference. Women will feel discouraged by this new inaccurate sizing, and will not want to shop as much. In addition to it being off on her size, Ms. Quick had to go through the uncomfortable process twice, because the first time around, it did not pick up her precise measurements. So, I asked myself this: If a person can drive to a specialized computer sizing place, just to get their measurements, then why cant he or she take the same effort and drive to the store and actually try on their clothes? For me, I would rather go to a store, try on the items of clothing and form my own opinion of how the item actually looks on my real body. I want to feel the texture, study the contouring of the clothes on my body, and view how well the colors look on me. Thats another problem with computers, their accuracy on colors is not actual to what life-like colors are. Everyone has a unique look, and I believe that computers will tend to violate a persons self image. Overall, I believe that computerized sizing will not be a success in our future. It is already inaccurate, time consuming, and not very comfortable. Computerized sizing is not a fashionable approach to people who really value clothes, style and texture. Marketing Essays

Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Example

Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Example Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Group psychotherapy is a special form of therapy Essay Group therapy can profit many different people, from those holding troubles with interpersonal relationships to those covering with specific jobs such as depression, anxiousness, serious medical unwellness, loss, habit-forming upsets or behavioural jobs. Peoples develop a support web through each other no longer experiencing isolated by their status and deriving a greater sense of normalcy.A Therefore, during the group procedure, curative alteration is experient known as the curative factors . There are 11 curative factors: : Instillation of Hope Universality Imparting information Altruism The disciplinary palingenesis of the primary household group Development of socialising techniques Imitative behaviour Interpersonal Learning Group Cohesiveness Catharsis Experiential Factors These factors are mutualist and do non happen or work individually but represent many different parts of the alteration procedure. INSTILLATION OF HOPE What it is: In instillment of hope, the therapist Acts of the Apostless as a facilitator to engraft positive outlooks and corrects negative biass before the chief activity. Consequently, the activity will look meaningful to the group members, thereby actuate them to remain in the group. Why it is healing: Hope is a curative factor as it helps the client to better by detecting the other members cope with and get the better of their troubles. This in bend boosts up the self-pride of the client to take part and set up a curative resonance. Trained equals among the members besides encourage each other in take parting actively, hence, cut downing wellness attention costs and someway doing group intercession of more importance than single 1s. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Sharing of experience A group member who has improved a batch from group therapy can be asked to come and associate his experience to new group members. For illustration, he/she may associate to them how his/her first group had been, how he/she had felt at the beginning of the group, and besides, how he/she felt after several Sessionss. From this feedback, new members will experience bucked up and more hopeful. Puting up homogenous groups Group therapy with people undergoing the same status, e.g. depression, utilizing cured people as group leaders. Group members will portion their narratives with one another and how they overcome their hard times. On seeing how others tackle with their troubles, members will be inspired and experience encouraged. Questions When the group begins, the therapist/leader can inquire inquiries like: Does this group sound like it would work for you? or what would your outlook for this group be? . Through these inquiries, some members may answer that they feel diffident or uncomfortable, while some might be believing positively. When to ease this healing factor: This curative factor is normally facilitated before the group starts. Universality What it is: At the beginning of the group therapy session, some members of the group may experience stray and believe that they are alone and apart from the other members. However, after interaction within themselves, they feel that they are all in the same boat , that is, they all portion more or less the same feelings and emotions. Why it is healing: Universality is healing since it a powerful beginning of alleviation cognizing that we all have practically similar concerns, quandary and life experiences that we portion in common. During the session, clients get the chance to see deep concern about their sense of worth, may it be strength or failings and their ability to associate to others. It is a manner for members of the group to show themselves freely about feelings like shame, stigma and self-blame that have long been a load for them. Finally, the sharing of deepest concerns may trip unplanned healing factors like katharsis which may farther be facilitated by the healer. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity- e.g. Fear Hat: group members are asked to compose their extreme fright on a piece of paper. The documents are so assorted in the chapeau. Each member picks up a paper and read it aloud and asked to give solutions about how to face this fright. Normally, in such type of activity, members may happen that they have more or less common frights and solutions. Puting up homogenous groups: group therapy with people confronting the same job e.g. depression, might be much more easy for them to experience this catholicity and be more motivated to portion their life experiences. The healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: who felt the same? or do you experience the same asaˆÂ ¦ ? to do group members aware that they are non different and apart from each other. When to ease this healing factor: Universality is normally facilitated in the early phases of the therapy normally in the forming stage. Conveyance OF Information What it is: Didactic direction: Didactic instructions are instructions given by the professional ( healer ) . Direct advice: direct advice occurs in every therapy group whereby advice or suggestions come from the healer every bit good as group members. Why it is healing: Didactic direction allows clients to work together in coaction. The group leader helps members to cover with their groundless frights and certain incorrect thoughts about infectiousness. He provides members with information bout their unwellness, intervention option, future hazards and recommendations. He besides helps them face traumatic irritability with active header. Consequently, members in the group learn to go clear, accepting and non-judgmental perceivers. Direct advice can be used to find a group s age by the manner the members formulate inquiries. Advice-giving serves as a usher to be more clear and expressed about interpersonal pathology. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: A picture cartridge holder or informative movie related to the first order aim of the group session can be good. Subsequently, the healer ushers group members to reflect on the information conveyed by the picture. Didactic direction can be facilitated through talks by an expert with the assistance of a posting presentation related to the subject, e.g. alcohol addiction. To ease direct advice about a peculiar subject, images related to this subject can be distributed to group members and asked to portion their sentiments and suggestions among themselves. When to ease this healing factor: This healing factor is normally facilitated in the early phase of the freshly formed group and can be moreover facilitated by the healer throughout the therapy as it occurs with regularity. Altruism What it is: Through selflessness, members gain through giving, non merely in having aid, as portion of the mutual giving-receiving sequence. This means that if members help each other through coaction and corporation, all of them are traveling to derive something at the terminal may it be a touchable or an intangible end-product. Why it is healing: Group therapy with selflessness as healing factor offers the chance to clients to experience that they are good to others in footings of aid receiving systems and suppliers, that is, aid others feel that they have something of value to offer. The group becomes the secure zone for support, reassurance, suggestions and the hazard to unwrap certain similar jobs with one another. Consequently, group members build trust among them and number on each other for self-generated and true reactions and feedback, particularly patients get bying with serious unwellnesss. Altruism is a direct beginning of duties to those from whom members wish to have attention. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Trade activities: doing a trade and offering it to a equal in the group is an effectual manner to ease selflessness. Questions: e.g. the healer may inquire a participant: who have you appreciated the most? . Hereby, the individual appreciated might experience aghast and happy. Activity: e.g. Scavenger hunting: a list of things to look for on the topographic point within a clip frame is given to two squads divided among the group members. The procedure of sharing the duty of whom to look for what and assisting each other builds up selflessness. When to ease this healing factor: Altruism is normally facilitated in the norming and executing stage. THE CORRECTIVE RE-ENACTMENT OF THE PRIMARY FAMILY GROUP What it is: Most clients who enter groups, have had a troubled, unsatisfactory background in the most of import group of their life: the primary household group. The group becomes a utility household in many ways: a therapy group consists of a leader or a co-leader who may stand for the parents, while the other group members may replace for siblings. Since the leader or co-leader is regarded as the parent, some group members tend to seek attending and fondness from them, while others perceive the leaders as dominating, important or commanding. Why it is healing: It is a valuable tool which helps clients in voicing out pent-up feelings through actions or gestures. These pent-up feelings are those they have one time felt in early relationships. The therapy group gives clients the chance to re-experience early household struggles ( e.g. parent-child struggles or sibling competitions ) in a right manner, and which may besides supply group members a opportunity to decide and rectify dysfunctional interpersonal relationships with the aid of the healer and other group members. Furthermore, this healing factor allows clients to research how childhood experiences have affected their behavior. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Given a scenario, group members act out a given function, e.g. , mother/father/daughter/son/siblings. The scenario should be something powerful which will do the participants feel angry or sad. Question After a function drama, the healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: How easy was it to move out the functions? , What did you larn from this exercising? , What can you make to better your moving? , or how of import is it to be able to move? . Activity E.g. Pull a Picture to Better a Relationship: Group members are asked to pull a image for person ( from the group itself ) , with whom they want to better their relationship. They can besides add some notes if they wish to. Then, they give it to that individual. Since the therapy group becomes a utility household, group members will be able to show their feelings to person in the group who may stand for the parents or siblings, and therefore, rectifying their behavior and relationship with that individual. When to ease this healing factor: This healing factor can be facilitated in the storming stage. In this stage, the intimacy and the strong bond which have already been established among the group members makes it easier for a client to accept feedback from others. Group members can so work out closely to rectify dysfunctional relationships. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIALISING TECHNIQUES What it is: The development of basic societal accomplishments occurs in therapy groups. Group therapy focuses on bettering societal accomplishments through feedbacks. For illustration, group members offer feedback to one another about the rightness of others behaviors. Why it is healing: While this may be a painful and hurtful experience, nevertheless, the strong bond and the trust that exist between the group members make it easy to offer feedbacks and information about maladaptive societal behavior. The feedback is offered in a direct and honest manner. Clients are so less likely to experience offended by the feedback and will accept the facts, therefore, assisting to better clients relationship both within and outside the group. The development of socializing techniques is besides curative because the group scene is safe and supportive, and allows group members to experiment safely without fright of failure. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Role drama, e.g. exposing group members to polite societal books like traveling for a occupation interview or traveling to a eating house. After the activity, perceivers can notice on participants public presentation and how they can better their address or facial looks or gestures to look polite. Activity Formulate your sentences. This activity can be done to assist group members learn different ways to show themselves straight and clearly without judging or arousing others by re-formulating their sentences. It besides helps in bettering societal accomplishments. The undermentioned image gives an illustration of how to explicate sentences. Questions After a function drama, the healer can be a good facilitator by inquiring inquiries like: how hard was it to move out? or how of import is it to be able to move? . When to ease the healing factor: This healing factor is usually facilitated in the norming and acting stages, after coherence has been good established. Normally, before the norming and acting stages, group members have already acquired different ways of pull offing struggles, and they are more likely to be able to show themselves. Hence, the healing factor should be facilitated in the norming and acting stages. IMITATIVE BEHAVIOUR What it is: In a group therapy, clients tend to be influenced by the healer. For illustration, in a group, the healer will back up, listen, observe and offer non-judgmental feedback to group members. At a certain point, clients will follow these behaviors and integrate them. Not merely do they copy the healer, but they will, at a certain point, besides try to copy other group members. Why it is healing: Imitative behavior is healing because it is a signifier of larning members observe and learn how others tackle and overcome their troubles. Clients invariably seek out all those behaviors ( particularly positive 1s, because positive behaviors evoke a positive response from the group ) until they feel that a peculiar behavior fits them. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activity Role drama, e.g. Carrying person to acquire up from his/her place. In this activity, one by one, each member, including the healer, will seek to carry another group member to acquire up from his/her place in a right manner, without being aggressive. Throughout the activity, each member will detect how others dealt with the state of affairs and therefore, they will seek to copy some of the behaviors which they find suited. By the terminal of the activity, the last member to seek this out would be the 1 who has seen everyone act. Therefore, he will integrate the positive behavior, which will take to a positive response. Theme Covering with hard state of affairss . An activity related to this subject can be done, whereby each member will associate about a state of affairs he has late had. Other group members will so give solutions as to how they can cover with this state of affairs. Throughout this activity, there can be person who will come frontward with sensible thoughts or thoughts of wisdom. This will bring forth a positive response from the group. Hence, on seeing the elicited positive response, other members will seek to respond the same manner ; they will seek to copy those behaviors and present some solutions which they feel might be really much appreciated by others, therefore, making a positive response. Questions After a function drama, the healer can ease the imitative behavior by inquiring inquiries like: Do you believe that the individual might hold felt hurt by your behavior? or Can you seek to make like this? When to ease the healing factor: Imitative behavior can be facilitated in the early phases of the group, i.e. in the forming stages, since members will hold ample clip to experiment new behaviors. INTERPERSONAL LEARNING What it is: Interpersonal acquisition occurs largely within a group. It is through interactions and sharing of one s ain reactions and perceptual experience of each other s behavior. There are three of import constructs to ease interpersonal acquisition, foremost the interpersonal relationships, disciplinary emotional experiences and eventually societal microcosm. Why it is healing: Interpersonal communicating additions socialisation. It besides helps to understand each other by sharing intelligence and cognition. It is besides a average how it is possible to develop a trust between each other. It teaches the type of feeling one should hold towards others. It gives an chance to larn to near others. Learning from others feedbacks, if I confuse people by non stating what I truly think. It is another manner to indicate out one s ain wonts and idiosyncrasies that annoy other people. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Subject: Geting penetration of one s job Question: the healer can inquire inquiries such as: who wants to propose solutions to this job? . Activity: Drawn to career- group members to discourse their ends if they were a politician, lawyer, instructor, curate or a physician, societal worker. When to ease the healing factor: Interpersonal acquisition can be facilitated in ramping and norming stages of group therapy. GROUP COHESIVENESS What it is: Cohesiveness is a basic belongings of groups. It is a bond that helps the group to work good together and be successful in making their ends. Cohesiveness has two dimensions: emotional ( or personal ) and task-related. The emotional facet of coherence is derived from the connexion that members feel to other group members and to their group as a whole. A good therapist- client relationship is said to be critical for a positive result and this is characterized by trust, heat, empathetic apprehension and credence. The relationship of the client- healer in single therapy encompasses the person s relationship to the group healer, to the other group members and to the group as a whole. All these relationships in the group are referred as group coherence . All the groups do non portion the same type of coherence. The importance of group coherence Group coherence is the manner how to acquire people in a group connected, committed and in harmoniousness with undertaking ends and aims. Both emotional connection and the experience of group effectivity contribute to group coherence. The demand for belonging is unconditioned in us all. Both during single or group therapy, this demand is addressed for case therapy groups may bring forth a positive trust, empathy and credence. An person is accepted merely if the latter adheres to the norms and effects set by the group. Group coherence as experienced by the members creates lasting relationships which might be for the first clip in some of the latter s life. There are many benefits to group coherence. Four chief benefits are: The communicating within the group is much more extensive.A In other words, people who like each other communicate better and more often with each other. Groups that are more cohesive have positive interactions with one another.A Peoples are more friendly and there is an increased feeling of the group as a whole.A As a consequence, the group acts as a whole non as persons. A group that has a high degree of group coherence is much more successful in accomplishing their goal.A The feeling of togetherness in the group motivates members to accomplish the coveted end and their attempts addition. The members in groups that are cohesive are much more satisfied with that group.A As a consequence, they are more willing to remain in the group longer and frequently recommend the group to others. The mechanism of action The healer needs to move as a facilitator hence making conditions for self- geographic expedition and to take the hurdlings that block the procedure of growing. Acceptance and understanding among members help to break beef up the group than being accepted by the healer. Therefore the experience felt by homo is truly of great value to the person in the group. The more an person is bonded to the group, the greater the regard he has to it and the higher his self- regard. Why it is healing: Group coherence is an of import concept in understanding the behaviour of groups. It is non simply a powerful curative force but is besides a stipulation for other curative factors to work optimally. Hence coherence is necessary for other group curative factors to run. Group coherence besides helps in promoting unfastened look of dissension. It has a sense of squad spirit and the willingness of its members to organize their attempts. Furthermore, it has a echt sense of equal assisting and societal support, stepping up for what is right, traveling squad along in the right way. It raises one s ego regard and assist alter their behaviours and attitudes towards others. The group members learn to be responsible and independent. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Activities: Island game- all the group members should stand on a piece of newspaper ( the island ) so the healer will rupture pieces and the members should group together forestalling themselves from falling off the paper. Helium Stick: All the group members will seek to put the stick on the floor utilizing merely one finger. Subjects: Increasing the squad spirit between group members The session will be tied to commitment, coaction, teamwork or single and common answerability. When to ease the healing factor: This healing factor would be facilitated at the beginning of the group and can be facilitated during ramping stage as when uncomfortableness will emerge. The work will be more ambitious. Catharsis What it is: Catharsis is derived from the Greek word which is translated as cleansing or purification . It is a powerful and nonvoluntary experience of emotional discharge followed by a feeling of great alleviation. These emotional discharges can be expressed both positively and negatively. In general, those members of the group ( high scholars ) who showed a profile of katharsis normally express a signifier of cognitive acquisition. Catharsis is therefore an indispensable constituent of the alteration procedure. Catharsis is said to be more helpful once it is related to cohesiveness. Along with these group bonds, strong look of emotion is enhanced ensuing into positive results. Why it is healing: Catharsis helps to see and responds fruitfully to life s challenges. It is a good manner to manage choler and accomplish a desirable province of relaxation. Catharsis allows clients to air out out their feelings and helps in the command of affectional experiences and emotions. It helps group members to accomplish interpersonal acquisition. It besides helps in geting accomplishments for the hereafter and to derive personal growing in groups. Catharsis is besides curative when it applies to the look of negative affect particularly in true instances when an single understands himself or the other individual in the group. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Subjects: Covering with struggles Activities: Argument after watching a calamity cartridge holder or intelligence Each member will state something negative about the other group member that they neer had the bravery to state hence there will be the consequence of surprise and surprisingness. When to ease the healing factor: Catharsis can be facilitated during the group treatment and in the norming stage. EXISTENTIAL FACTORS What it is: Experiential factors are all those factors related to existence ultimate duty for our ain behavior, basic isolation in footings of confronting life entirely, decease, hurting and unpredictability of being, and their confrontation against the rough experiential facts of life. Why it is healing: This healing factor should be facilitated as the full class of experiential factors is frequently graded higher as compared to other healing factors. Group members besides learn to develop greater familiarity with others and its bounds every bit good. Therapists facilitate experiential factors by doing clients larn about how to confront their restrictions with bravery, e.g. some factors like basic solitariness can non be taken off and resolved, but can merely be known and finally embraced as built-in portion of being. Clients with serious unwellness are brought aggressively back to world and prioritise their concerns in their proper position. Consequently, they may go more optimistic and lend their unwellness positively to their lives. 3 ways to ease this healing factor: Question Therapist can inquire inquiry like: how make you experience when you have to work with person you have non chosen? . Through feedback, members will gain that they are responsible for their ain life, no affair who comes in their life. Activity Fear Hat. In this activity, members will compose their secret frights on a piece of paper. The documents are so assorted in a chapeau. Each member picks up a paper randomly and read it aloud and gives solutions about how to face this fright. Throughout this activity, each member will go cognizant of all types of fright and rough facts of life that they might themselves confront one twenty-four hours or the other. They will besides larn how to accept those hard worlds. Activity Making a personal batch. In this activity, each group member draws a batch and divides it into six parts in which they write about the followers: a personal symbol, successes, defect ( s ) , dreams, stepping rocks and a quotation mark. The healer so asks each member to portion with the group what he has written on the batch. Becoming aware of their strengths, failings and what maintain them keep on to life will alarm group members and actuate them to withstand the tough experiential facts of life. When to ease this healing factor: Experiential factors are facilitated at the terminal of the group therapy session in the expiration stage because the healer wants the members to detach themselves from the group and travel out in the society and face life entirely because no affair how much support one may have from others, he is on his ain duty. Decision Group intercession is one avenue that holds considerable promise in accomplishing improved intervention results and an economically sustainable wellness attention system. The curative factors built-in in the procedure of group reding are powerful mechanisms of alteration and guarantee that appropriate chances exist for their happening. The happening and impact of these curative factors vary within a group and from group to group. Additionally, some factors play a more important function at different phases of the group than other factors. Not all group members experience the same curative factors in the same manner or to the same grade.

Philosophy - Introduction to Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Philosophy - Introduction to Ethics - Essay Example Thus moral duty has intrinsic moral worth in itself. This is derived from a priori laws that govern the creation. Basing one’s life on the call of pure, practical reason leads a moral life. According to Kant ‘duty’ was the supreme moral notion in the world. It forms the basis of Kant’s substantive ethics. But no action based on duty leads to creation of a moral law. Duty succeeds moral law and doesn’t precede it. There are no ‘a posteriori’ conditions of the existence of moral laws. However, it has a moral worth that is unconditional and doesn’t depend upon circumstance and the person. On following the duty a person derives the highest moral worth that is based on Universal laws. The realization of one’s sense of duty is the greatest good and treasure trove of happiness. He held that a rational man always performed moral duty yielding the highest good and greatest happiness. Kantian reason says that these universal truths a re a priori, that they exist in nature even before a man realizes them. Kant argued that only universal laws can have the power moral worth to demand abiding sense of duty from the rational beings. A law made by an authority less than nature is fallible. Nature is a perennial source of goodness but was bound by its intrinsic and unalterable laws. The universal laws sustain goodwill and morality lies in spreading goodwill by conforming to the universal laws by an innate yet rational belief in duty. Man has been bestowed with reason to take morally uplifting decisions and actions that not only brought him in consonance with the rational acts of others but also that of nature. Kant suggested that man’s call for moral duty often comes in conflict with his own ‘small nature’; desires borne out of natural impulses. But Kant emphasizes that duty borne of reason yielded the greatest happiness and duty. Thus actions done based on moral duty

Vegetarian Diet Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vegetarian Diet - Term Paper Example Lacto-Ovo vegetarian, on the other hand, is a diet that excludes poultry, meat, and fish, but includes eggs and all dairy products such as milk, butter, yogurt, and cheese. Thirdly, there is Ovo-vegetarian diet, which excludes poultry, meat, fish, and dairy products, and allows poultry products such as eggs. The last type of vegetarian diet is vegan. Vegan diets exclude foods such as eggs, meat, poultry, seafood, and dairy substances as well as all other foods. Most people use the flexitarian type of vegetarian diet, which is also referred to as semi-vegetarian diet. This type of vegetarian diet primarily composes of plant products, although it can contain dairy products, meat, poultry products such as eggs, and seafood such as fish occasionally or sometimes in limited quantities. A healthy vegetarian diet involves serious planning, and of helpful tools to ensure, a healthy diet is food pyramid. A pyramid of vegetarian diet highlights the choices of foods and groups of foods to determine whether certain foods if eaten in the right quantities can be effective. According to most scientific researchers, vegetarian diets seem to contain lower effects of obesity, heart diseases, cancer diseases, and other killer diseases, which are caused by the foods we take (89). This is evidence that vegetarian diets are more healthful than other types of diets. However, for one to ensure that the type of vegetarian diet he or she takes are healthful as well as being nutritionally sound, it is good to plan carefully.

Keats- Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Keats- Poetry - Essay Example He is well-known for his ability to lift his readers beyond the mundane everyday aspects of life and bring them to a higher level of thought and existence. This ability is well-illustrated in his poem â€Å"To One who has been Long in City Pent.† In this poem, Keats argues that each day should be enjoyed, provides a means of doing so and reminds his readers that their time to enjoy their days on earth is limited by employing a heavy use of imagery, appealing to the senses, calming readers with a soothing varied Italian sonnet format and allowing the analogy to develop slowly. Keats begins the poem by addressing it to all individuals who have been stuck in the city for long periods of time and are beginning to feel trapped, â€Å"To one who has been long in city pent† (1). By doing this, he is calling attention to the idea that he may be able to offer some relief from their suffering by having them do nothing more difficult than looking up. Exhorting them to â€Å"look into the fair / And open face of heaven, - to breathe a prayer / Full in the smile of the blue firmament† (2-4), Keats directs the memory to happier times spent in the country while also reminding them of their more permanent eternal home in heaven with the use of the unusual phrase ‘blue firmament’ which typically suggests solid land. He calls forth rich images of a relaxing day spent in beautiful weather and blissful activity, â€Å"Fatigued he sinks into some pleasant lair, / Of wavy grass and reads a debonair / And gentle tale of love and languishment† (6-8). Not only has he presented the blue sky above, but with phrases such as â€Å"pleasant lair† and â€Å"wavy grass,† the reader instantly thinks of wild places with the suggestion of a lair, most commonly associated with the beasts of the field, and can almost smell the long grasses of a sweet country meadow untouched by interfering hands far from the factories and businesses of the city. Describing the book as ‘debonair’ and

The Domestication Of Wild Animals History Essay

The Domestication Of Wild Animals History Essay The Fertile Crescent has been called the Cradle of Civilization for many years. The Cradle of Civilization is the key to understanding when the human population began to thrive and create villages, cities, and ultimately states. Without the domestication and cultivation of the land there would have never been enough food to support such a dense population of people. Hunting and collecting entirely from the wild could not possibly support even a tiny fraction of the worlds current population (Bellwood, 1). There were seven core domesticates in the Fertile Crescent, they include sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, emmer wheat, einkorn wheat and barley. All of these species were domesticated and had an important role in the Fertile Crescent throughout the two millennia emergence of agrarian societies between 10000 and 8000 B.P. We can best understand the events of this period by first focusing on the developmental history of the individual species of animals and plants that were brought under d omestication, and then combining those individual histories into the more complex overall story in the emergence of the agriculture in the region (Smith, 51). However due to the confines of this paper we will take an in depth look at the animals domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The story of the Fertile Crescent starts before the emergence of the hunter- gatherers, who were ravaging the forests and grass lands. By 10000 B.P. the beginning of the 2000 year period that would witness the development of agriculture, human societies had taken advantage of the post-Pleistocene proliferation of plant and animal resources, and the Fertile Crescent was inhabited by a diverse array of hunter-gatherer societies (Smith, 51). The Pleistocene era had ended with a much warmer climate that also brought a much moister climate to the area. This climate change was one that favored the wild annual cereal grasses (Sagan, 249). Also it allowed the sparse movement of hunter-gatherer groups to move in to the area. It was there that they discovered that a more sedentary lifestyle produced more of a surplus of food and then that of foraging. The Fertile Crescents environmental zones are keys to understanding the development of the domestications of the animals (and plants). There are three main environmental zones involved in the origin of cultivation in the Fertile Crescent. The eastern section of which comprises the foothills and margins of the Zagros Mountains (Maisels 133). The central or the north is mostly made up of the broad rolling grasslands. And lastly, the western section whose central axis is the important Levantine corridor and Jordan Valley (Smith, 51). There were many changes that occurred due to the domestication of animals (and plants). These changes were many times become genetic due to the consistent selection of the more adequately produced products. In wild grains, the axis or rachis is brittle, which allows the grain to reseed itself easily. Selection of the grains was at first an accidental by-product of harvesting, and later intentionally, the people selected grains in which the axis was tougher, allowing less grain to fall to the ground, thus raising yields (Sagan 247). They also selected plants that were more easily husked. The people used the same natural selection process when choosing livestock. They selected woolly animals from among wild sheep, which are not normally woolly, thus acquiring sheep better suited to lowland heat and from which to obtain wool. Fossil remains indicate that the domestication of the sheep and goat was accompanied by a decrease in the size of the animal. The animals domesticated in the Fertile Crescent were a key to the development of the humans in the area. The readily available source of meat aided in the functions of the brain, which led to the ability to think more complexly and creatively. The brain is fueled by protein therefore with more protein in the diet the mind began to develop more completely. Thus the importance of the domestication of the animals to the human race, without having to hunt for the meat they were getting a more readily available source of protein (Wilkinson 139). The Persian wild goat has been recognized as the ancestor to the first domesticated goat. The Persian wild goat tends to be found in the more rugged terrain. It is in the eastern section of the Fertile Crescent that we find the most evidence of goats being hunted for their meat. Specifically at the site of Ganj Dareh, which was excavated in 1970s, which found at the lowest level, which dates back to 9000 B.P. contained approximately 5000 identifiable goat bones (Old Goats). Brian Hesse of the University of Alabama at Birmingham studied these bones. He used a new analytical technique to try to piece together evidence of the domestication of goats. Hesse theorized that a domesticated herd should have two clear distinguishing characteristics: (1) a large percentage of animals slaughtered for meat late in their immaturity, when they had attained much of their adult size; (2) an adult breeding population in which females far outnumbered males (Smith, 60). Through complex measurements of t he bones discovered at Ganj Dareh, Hesse discovered that the males were being killed before they reached adult hood and the females overwhelmingly stood for most of the population. This stunning breakthrough specifies that an age and sex profile that closely agrees with that of a herd of domesticated goats managed to provide meat (Old Goats). Clear demographic evidence appears to indicate that goats were domesticated at Ganj Dareh as early as 9000 years ago. The increase of the proportions of goat bones among the animal remains is an indicator to the shift to goat herding. Wild Sheep were the second animal to be domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The wild ancestor of domesticated sheep ranged throughout much of the Fertile Crescent. A large amount of evidence of wild sheep can be found in the central region (Sagon, 245). There is much data to indicate that the wild sheep was not an important prey in the areas of Levant. There is, however, evidence showing that the sheep were a prey in Jericho that date wild sheep back to 10000 to 9500 years ago (Wilkinson 149). The degree to which the hunter-gatherer societies in different parts of the Fertile Crescent relied on wild sheep for food parallels the animals abundance in their local environments 10000 to 8000 years ago. The wild sheep were most were most abundantly discovered in the central region. This is probably why around 8500 B.P. sheep were first domesticated in the central area of the Fertile Crescent. There, the land is better suited to the wild sheep thus they were a more common target for hunte rs in that area, leading to the domestication of the sheep. With the change from being wild to being domesticated, the sheep, according to the fossil record, got smaller due to the selection process of the humans tending to the animals. It is in the apex of the Fertile Crescent that sheep herding first became an important component of agricultural economies (Smith, 57). The pig was, as far as we know the third animal to be domesticated. Wild pigs were greatly hunted in the northern part of the central region. Facts have lead archeologist to date the bones of the wild pigs to 9000 B.P. The pigs continued to be a substantial part of the diet of the people in this northern area of the Fertile Crescent, even after the shift to the herding of sheep and goats (Sagan, 243). The site of Cayà ¶nà ¼ tends to be the marker for the earliest domesticated pig, in the vicinity of 8500 years ago. There have been some tentative theories that approximate the domestication of pigs to be closer to the date of 10000 B.P. (Smith, 67). It is Richard Redding who proposed this theory, which the bones of the pigs at Hallan Cemi, strongly represent the ages of bones of a possible herding community of pigs. However since we know nothing about the ages of the pigs that the hunters targeted we have no basis for making the claim that the pigs at Hallan Cemi were indeed domestic ated and herded. For now it remains unverified but the alluring prospect that pigs were domesticated much before the evidence now shows. Cattle were probably the last and least important of the four main animals that were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent. The ancestors of domesticate cattle were probably considered to be a dangerous pay due to the size of the animal. However, it was also a significantly large package of meat. The area in the Levant and Jordan Valley has dated wild cattle bones to approximately 9000 to 8000 years ago. Like the pigs the cattle had an exceptionally large geographical range and extended far beyond the Fertile Crescent. There has been clear documentation of a pattern that shows the reduction of size in the cattle between 8000 and 7000 B.P. While cattle may show to be of little importance to the region between 10000 and 8000 B.P. it later became the dominant species of the market (Smith, 56). Now that we have looked at the individual histories of the animals of four of the seven core domesticates of the Fertile Crescent we see many patterns are emerging. The four species share common lines of evidence that include; geographical range, increase in abundance, reduction in size and change in age/sex profiles (Smith, 67). This evidence has led to the indication that these histories were distinct and still follows the same indication of domestication. The goats were domesticated in the earliest portion of the period, at around 9000 B.P. Then the sheep, pigs and cattle soon followed after approximately 300 years after the domestication of the goats. After the domestication of animals (and plants) the small villages began becoming states, they were becoming more and more like a modern day civilization. The early stages of food production in the Middle East were marked by gradual transition from foraging to producing economies. Many changes were caused by the production and cultivation of food. Such changes include population increase, which caused the resulting migration and forced other areas to respond and begin their own cultivation of their resources. Also, there had been a gradual population increase; this was based on the native richness of the environment, which helped spur the spread of food production (Maisels, 140). On the other hand, in the Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain, cultivation required irrigation, which began around 7000 B.P. and changed the world of farming. Irrigation allowed farming to spread away from the normal areas that were close to the riverbanks, by bringing the water away from the riverbanks the cult ivation began to strive. By 6000 B.P., irrigation systems had become far larger and more complex, and were associated with a new political system. This new establishment was based on central government, extreme contrasts of wealth, and social classes, the beginnings of the state (Wilkinson, 141). The written and archaeological record indicates that the early Mesopotamian states were city states (Sumer and Elam), ruled by a literate theocracy that managed virtually all major aspects of the economy, which was overwhelmingly agrarian. The theocracy was replaced by 4,500 B.P.; it was replaced by a secular, military monarchy, based upon an elaborate class system (Sagon, 300). Thus ended the revolution of modern humans in the world of cultivation we now knew use the animals (and plants) to our advantage. As time continues to slip by we find more and more ways to maximize the products we get from the domestication of animals (and cultivation of plants) (Sagan, 248). To sum everything up Southwest Asia was inhabited by small groups of hunter-gatherers. These groups, due to the climatic change, became more and more sedentary and begin to develop a source of food production. This production of food came from the domestication and cultivation of plants and animals. The herded animals provided a constant source of protein in their diet and allowed for the hunters to expend their energy in other areas of life. The cultivation of the plants allows for a reliable supply of grains in their diet. This made the people of this time able to support larger families, which turned into villages, cities, and ultimately states.

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future Essay -- Natural Science essays

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future El Nino is both an atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon affecting weather patterns all around the world. It is complemented by La Nina in a cycle that occurs approximately every 4 years, varying as much as every two years to every six years (Wang 1999, 3331). La Nina has almost the opposite effect, however differs in its strength and duration randomly, as does El Nino (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The cycle is often paraphrased as ENSO, standing for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (Flugel 1997, 3230). It is called this because the El Nino phenomenon is especially strong in the Southern Hemisphere, and has greater effects in areas of the pacific near the equator. Although ENSO is prominent in certain areas, it alters weather patterns all around the world. The El Nino pattern can be quite random with and approximate range of 2 to 6 years per cycle, and is a loaded gun believed to be triggered by western winds (Fedorov 2000, 1997). Many scientists are now looking to the past for answers, so the El N ino cycle can be predicted for the years to come. New discoveries have recently been made on El Nino's history, and possible future. Recent El Nino's and La Nina's have shown that there is no effect of the strength and duration of one on the other (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The last one in 1997 was among the strongest, next to the 1982 El Nino (Fedorov 1997). Although the ENSO is relatively unpredictable, some scientists believe it to be dependent upon the intensity of trade winds and the depth of the thermocline (Fedorov 2000, 1997). A thermocline is the layer of water that rests between the upper and lower layer water that are categorized by the water temperature (Fedorov 2000, 1997). For example, off the coast of Peru... ... could argue that these alterations from the normal ENSO cycle could be due to global warming. Right now more research is being conducted, which would be necessary to prove this theory. Only time can tell us whether we will need to beware of El Nino's wrath in the future or whether El Nino will be tapering out. Works Cited Fedorov, Alexey V. and S. George Philander. "Is El Nino Changing?". Science: vol. 288, June 16, 2000, pp. 1997-2001. Flugel, Moritz and Ping Chang. "Does the Predictability of ENSO Depend on the Seasonal Cycle?". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 55, No. 21, pp. 3230-3243. Kerr, Richard A. "El Nino Grew Strong As Cultures Were Born". Science: vol. 283, Jan 22, 1999, pp. 467-468. Wang, Risheng and Bin Wang. "Phase Space Representation and Characteristics of El Nino-La Nina". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 57, No. 19, pp. 3315-3333.

Life Transitions Essay

The mesosystem is the second structure within Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model. Bowes & Hayes (1999) describe the mesosystem as the interrelationships between the indivuduals in the microsystem. There is direct collaboration between the individual and their relationships between their microsystem, their behaviors, expectations and values may differ with different experiences (Bowes, Grace & Hayes 2012). Regarding my life transition, the relationships between home and school within the microsystem became stressful, causing a negative impact on myself. Though when looking at figure 2, it is evident that after the stressors had ceased, a strong positive relationship occurred. This example highlights how a negative relationship between two aspects of the microsystem can dramatically change and become a powerful mesosytem agents to the individual effecting their development. Other indirect relationships that still effect the individual are seen in the exosystem. Garbarino (1992) describes the exosystem as a setting in which the individual is not directly involved with, but still has an effect on them through the meso or microsystem. In terms of my life transition, the relationship with my father and his workplace from figure 1 does not affect me directly, though due to this my relationship with my father lessened throughout my transition to University for his working hours increased causing us to spend less time together. The outer most relationships shown in figures 1 and 2 are known as the macrosystem. According to Bowes, Grace & Hayes (2012) the macro system is the broad societal or cultural contexts, cultural beliefs systems and values that are passed through our micro and mesosystems. An example of my personal transition is the government fundings for rural students to study away from home which allowed my financial transition to be much smoother. The last key structure to Bronfenbrenner’ social ecological model is known as the chronosystem. The chronosystem emphasizes the individuals changes or in any of the ecological contexts of development over time (Shaffer & Kipp 2006). An example of my personal transition that was undertaken was the sudden death of my father. It not only changed myself as an individual, but will  continue to affect my across my life span. Harms (2010) created another multidimensional approach within Bronfenbrenner’s model which takes the individuals inner world into consideration as well as their environment. Both Harms and Bronfenbrenner’s models display that though there are different dimensions of the models, they are both connected to each other in multiple ways. Gibsons theoretical framework is another example of a perspective in human development. Both Bronfenbrenner and Gibsons theories involved the concept of there being a strong relationship between the individual and their environment, both have aspects that are focused in change over time Tudge, Gray, & Hogan (1997). Developmental niche is another example of a model based upon different dimentions. Harkness & Super, (1994) define a developmental niche as two processes that are unique to an individual. It is based upon three basic components, the physical and social settings, culturally regulated customs and the psychology of the individual an example of a developmental niche would be the individual and their close friends as it was formed from mutual interests. In addition, the relationships between the structures of an individual’s microsystem can also impact in a similar way. Furthermore when discussing individual development, the concepts of resilience and vulnerability must be seen as factors. In terms of my personal transition, I would haveoriginally been seen as vulnerable, though due to increasing protective factors such as new relationships being formed from my microsystem level, I then would have been deemed resilient as I was able to thrive and adapt to the new change (Miller, Osbahr, Boyd, Thomalla, Bharwani, Ziervogel,†¦ & Nelson 2010). Life transitions occur in individuals lives due to a psychological or environmental change in a particular time in their life. My personal transition that is being discussed was the move from highschool and my home town, to moving to Bendigo and commence University studies. Bronfenbrenners ecological model was used to demonstrate the changed faced in terms of Microsystems, Mesosystems, Exosystem and Macrosystems. There are many other contributing factors that influence an individual and their life changes,  from other theories such as Harms model, as well as Gibsons, to the vulnerability or resilience of the individual. When taking all these aspects into my personal transition, it is clearly shown that my relationships, psychological state and environment have all ended as positive and thus becoming a positive transition. References: Berry, J. O. (1995). Families and deinstitutionalization: An application of Bronfenbrenner’s social ecology model. Journal of Counseling & Development,73(4), 379-383. Bowes, J, M., Hayes, A. (1999). Children, families and communities: contexts and consequences. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Bowes, J., Grace, R,. & Hayes, A. (2012). The role of context in childrens development. Retrieved from: http://0-www.lib.latrobe.edu.au.alpha2.latrobe.edu.au/ereserve/copyright2014/4140321.pdf Bronfenbrenner, U. (1999). Environments in developmental perspective: Theoretical and operational models. Measuring environment across the life span: Emerging methods and concepts, 3-28. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1997). Ecological models of human development. Readings on the development of children, 1993, 37-43. Garbarino, J. (1992). Children and families in the social environment (2nd ed.). New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Harkness, S., & Super, C. M. (1994). The developmental niche: A theoretical framework for analyzing the household production of health. Social science & medicine, 38(2), 217-226. Harms, L (2010) Understanding human development: a multidimensional approach. Oxford University Press. Miller, F., Osbahr, H., Boyd, E., Thomalla, F., Bharwani, S., Ziervogel, G., †¦ & Nelson, D. (2010). Resilience and vulnerability: complementary or conflicting concepts?. Ecology & society, 15(3). Rosa, E. M., & Tudge, J. (2013). Urie bronfenbrenner’s theory of human development: Its evolution from ecology to bioecology. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 5(4), 243-258. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12022 Shaffer, D., & Kipp, K. (2006). Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Cengage Learning Swick, K. J., & Williams, R. D. (2006). An analysis of Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological perspective for early childhood educators: Implications for working with families experiencing stress. Early Childhood Education Journal, 33(5), 371-378. Tudge, J., Gray, J., & Hogan, D. M. (1997). Ecological perspectives in human development: A comparison of Gibson and Bronfenbrenner. Comparisons in human development: Understanding time and context, 72-105.

Anti-nuclear movements

Anti-nuclear movements During and after World War II Australia began supplying uranium for the US and UK's weapons programs, and this is how Australia got involved. British weapons tests in South Australia and Western Australia 1952-63 left a long line of health problems for Aborigines and armed service personnel, as well as significant environmental damage.“Let's face it. We don't want safe nuclear power plants. We want NO nuclear power” plants Ââ€"A spokesman for the Government Accountability Project, an offshoot of the Institute for Policy Studies, The American Spectator, Vol 18, No. 11, Nov. 1965The Atomic Energy Commission which was created in 1953 wanted to initiate nuclear power, to push towards nuclear weapons and to make plans to use “peaceful” nuclear explosives for civil engineering projects.Contesters of nuclear energy used the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty of 1968 to strengthen the associations between the international export and expansion of nuclear power technologies and the production of nuclear weapons.Deutsch: Anti-AKW-Demonstration auf dem Bonner Hof...Eventually the coalition between US and Australian imperialism developed into a stronger one. In 1951, The ANZUS treaty was signed and the building of military bases at North West Cape, Pine Gap and Nurrungar constricted Australia to the US nuclear war-fighting machine in the 1960s and '70s.During the 1960's, due to the obvious weakening of the natural and inner-city environments the environmental movement grew. Some environmentalists saw nuclear energy as a way to decrease pollution even though the majority of the people who joined the movement by now had anti-nuclear attitudes, and all the way through that time the anti-nuclear movement was chosen within the environmental movement, although a huge portion of the people who identify themselves as environmentalists, favour nuclear energy.Since power production by nuclear plants was usually centralized and nuclear power has forever been a technolo gy which occupies specialists, some individuals...

News Media and Society essays

News Media and Society essays The media sources that I usually use consist of the television, radio, computer, and newspapers. The stations that I watch most are CNN, ESPN, MTV, and FOX news. The radio stations I listen to are mostly music oriented, but I occasionally listen to KDKA talk shows. I use my computer to get on the internet and I like to use MSNBC. The newspaper I currently receive is the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. When I want to learn about the local news I tend to listen to KDKA on the radio and read the Pittsburgh Post. For my national news I watch CNN and Fox news. I also log onto the internet where I will visit MSNBC frequently. I use the television probably the most to get my information because it is by far the most convenient. I am able to quickly get news and be entertained at the same time. A close second is the internet. As computers become quicker and easier to use, I am enjoying surfing the internet more for my information. I usually do not read magazines, because I do not have the time to read them. I currently subscribe to one magazine and that is Kiplingers. I am usually unable to read each monthly issue by the time I get the next one. I think I am influenced by the media by what channels and programs I watch and listen to. Most of the programs I like are on the informative side. The talk shows I listen to seem to support different views. I tend to side with some of the conservative approaches because some of the programs I watch support their views. A good example of how I am influenced and how I think others are influenced by what news programs they listen to happened the other day. I was watching a Fox news program on the appointment of the new Iraqi government that was replacing the current one assigned by the U.S. The report was very positive and talked about how this process was the first step for the Iraqis to take control back over their country. My overall feeling was that this was a good thing to happen. After li...

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA Term Paper

Behaviors, Actions and Communications of IKEA - Term Paper Example There is a great need in the modern society that enterprises were guided not only by the possibility to make more profit but also to fulfill the community’s expectations. It requires companies to be customer-centered and perform activities in accordance with the view of society’s development. In addition, companies should also be responsible to stakeholders with regard to the environment, equity, employment, health, and human rights and community development (Fulfilling Social Responsibility  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Extract from Chinese Government Guidelines, 2013). Such an approach will help enterprises realize a balance between their growth, society and the environment. Moreover, its a requirement by the entire society that companies followed social activities since businesses have a significant impact on almost all aspects of the society and life of its people.   Edvardsson and Enquist (2006) state that the most fundamental and enduring asset for any company is the brand. However, value-based service brands are more important in building the good company’s image, where the enterprise tries to avoid aligning itself with such negative values as environmental pollution or cheap labor conditions. Instead, focusing on the attractive values such as community development and provision of healthy products help the company to create its positive image and contribute fully to the society (Edvardsson & Enquist, 2006). A Swedish multinational company Ikea that designs and sells  ready-to-assemble furniture, appliances, small motor vehicles, and home accessories, has built its values-based service brand by following the vision â€Å"To create a better everyday life for the many people† (The Ikea vision, n.d.).  The idea of its founder to create the home furnishings of good design and functionality and at a price that everyone could afford was the main â€Å"democratic idea† of the company.     Ã‚  

Weekly ass. #9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Weekly ass. #9 - Essay Example We wanted someone who could supply the linen to us at a considerably cheaper price. Therefore, we are offering the contract to a candidate who is supplying the linen at a price that is within our range. However, the good work that you have been doing is not forgettable and we are keeping your tender in our system. If at any time you feel that you can review the range at which you supply the materials to us, you will be among the first to be considered if there is any other opportunity for tenders. There are many other products that Anytown General Hospital needs and you can present your tender for supplies in any other department. We are starting classes for free disaster preparedness. We need suppliers for some of the products that we will be using; you can check on our website for details and present your tender if you would wish to bid. On behalf of Anytown General Hospital, I thank you for your time, interest, effort and continual cooperation when you worked with us. I wish you the best in your business proceedings, and if you have any questions regarding the same issue, please do not hesitate to contact us through